{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T01:32:44Z","timestamp":1781487164447,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Health","award":["SUBK.A020.24.083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A020.24.083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) are increasingly recognized as a valuable model in biomedical and translational research, particularly in contexts directly related to human health and disease. Their immunological features, such as the presence of CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells and cytokine expression patterns, exhibit a notable degree of similarity to human immune cells, making them an attractive tool for studying human-relevant immune responses. This review outlines current methodologies for isolating and cryopreserving pPBMCs, with a focus on maintaining high cell viability and functionality. Key technical considerations, including the optimal use of gradient media, appropriate anticoagulants, and standardized freezing\/thawing protocols, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the article highlights the applications of pPBMCs in various research contexts, including vaccine development, inflammation studies, infection models, and xenotransplantation. A comparative perspective is provided to identify similarities and differences between porcine and human PBMCs, supporting the validity of swine as a translational model. Evidence from pPBMC-based studies has shown predictive value for human outcomes, reinforcing their role as a surrogate system for preclinical investigations. Given their anatomical, physiological, and immunogenetic similarities to humans, porcine PBMCs represent a valuable bridge between basic science and clinical application, playing an increasingly important role in translational medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T10:27:41Z","timestamp":1747218461000},"page":"3432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): Methods of Isolation, Cryopreservation, and Translational Applications in Human Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3173-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Chaszczewska-Markowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zemelka-Wiacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Porcine T lymphocytes and NK cells\u2014An update","volume":"33","author":"Gerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. 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