{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:17:27Z","timestamp":1760059047805,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening cause of heart failure in late pregnancy or postpartum, often difficult to distinguish from other types of cardiomyopathies, such as influenza-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM). This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of differentiating PPCM from ICM and the management of this condition. Methods: A retrospective case analysis was conducted based on medical records from a tertiary centre in Warsaw, Poland, with a follow-up via phone consultations. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, incorporating relevant European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Results: A 34-year-old woman with a twin pregnancy at 36 + 5 weeks underwent a caesarean section and later experienced a syncopal episode. Elevated cardiac biomarkers and inflammatory markers suggested myocardial injury. Echocardiography showed reduced left ventricular function, raising concerns for PPCM or ICM. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed left ventricular dysfunction without myocardial inflammation, supporting a PPCM diagnosis. Despite LVEF recovery to 65%, a Holter ECG at seven months postpartum showed persistent arrhythmias, necessitating referral for ablation. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the need for a thorough diagnostic approach to differentiate PPCM from conditions like ICM. Long-term monitoring, pre-conception counselling, and preventive strategies, such as influenza vaccination, are crucial for managing PPCM and preventing future complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:22:17Z","timestamp":1747225337000},"page":"3440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges Between Peripartum and Influenza-Induced Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy\u2014A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1177-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Stachyra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Zasztowt-Sternicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Litwinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Litwinska-Korcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Walasik-Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoulikha","family":"Jabiry-Zieniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Szpotanska-Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, pl. Starynkiewicza 1\/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogos, M.F., Piano, M.R., McFarlin, B.L., Salemi, J.L., Liese, K.L., and Briller, J.E. (2018). Heart Failure in Pregnant Women. Circ. Heart Fail., 11.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004005"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeFilippis, E.M., Haythe, J.H., Walsh, M.N., and Kittleson, M.M. (2021). Intersection of Heart Failure and Pregnancy: Beyond Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Circ. Heart Fail., 14.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.008223"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.014","article-title":"Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"75","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. 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