{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T13:13:00Z","timestamp":1781701980188,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UZ Leuven"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk"},{"name":"Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Lilly"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: To examine the association between depressive symptoms and metabolic profile in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and early postpartum prediabetes, and to explore whether a mobile-based lifestyle intervention affected mental health outcomes. Methods: Secondary, exploratory analysis of a multi-centric randomized controlled trial (MELINDA), evaluating a mobile-based lifestyle intervention versus standard follow-up (control group) in women with prediabetes after GDM. The analysis included 166 participants who completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies\u2013Depression (CES-D) questionnaire [score of \u226516 being suggestive for (sub)clinical depression] at baseline (6\u201316 weeks postpartum) and one year post-randomization. Results: At one year, 26.5% of women (n = 44) reported depressive symptoms, with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups (30.5% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.293). Women with depressive symptoms (symptomatic women) were younger (30.9 \u00b1 4.9 vs. 32.5 \u00b1 3.8 years, p = 0.033) and were less often highly educated (61.4% vs. 80.3%, p = 0.028). At baseline, symptomatic women had a higher rate of metabolic syndrome (38.6% vs. 21.9%, p = 0.044), higher LDL-cholesterol [3.2 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 2.8 \u00b1 0.8 mmol\/L, p = 0.009], lower quality of life (lower SF-36 scores, p &lt; 0.050) and a higher level of anxiety based on the STAI-6 questionnaire (14.5 \u00b1 3.6 vs. 11.2 \u00b1 2.6, p &lt; 0.001). These differences persisted at one year postpartum with worse metabolic profile, more anxiety and lower quality of life in symptomatic women. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are common in women with prediabetes in early postpartum after GDM and are associated with a persistent worse metabolic profile, increased anxiety and lower quality of life postpartum. The mobile-based lifestyle intervention did not improve mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:44:57Z","timestamp":1747813497000},"page":"3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mental Health and Metabolic Outcomes in Early Postpartum in Women with Prediabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the MELINDA Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana","family":"Vanlaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caro","family":"Minschart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolijn","family":"Van den Keybus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Myngheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Groeninge Kortrijk, Campus Kennedylaan 4, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toon","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Imelda Hospital, Schoolstraat 55, 2820 Bonheiden, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"De Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Bochanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Van Pottelbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, AZORG Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Hospital Sint-Vincentius, Sint-Vincentiusstraat 20, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Oosterveldlaan 24, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Vinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Oosterveldlaan 24, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Leuridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Klina, Augustijnslei 100, 2930 Brasschaat, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabien","family":"Driessens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Klina, Augustijnslei 100, 2930 Brasschaat, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4852-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaak","family":"Billen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1770-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Matthys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, 3 Portland Mews, Devon PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1371-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annouschka","family":"Laenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3325-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrien","family":"Benhalima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e46209","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Motherhood and Mental Health: Postpartum Mood Disorders in Focus","volume":"15","author":"Modak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2013.12.004","article-title":"The transition to motherhood: Towards a broader understanding of 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