{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:38:12Z","timestamp":1786387092785,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been linked to various factors, including functional and psychological factors, which makes it difficult to identify associations between a single etiological factor and the signs and symptoms of TMDs. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the presence of TMD symptoms and their relationship with sleep disturbances and emotional disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: This observational study included Spanish children aged between 8 and 13 years. The measurement instruments consisted of the BRUNI survey for sleep disorders and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD) survey. A clinical examination was subsequently performed following the DC\/TMD guidelines for diagnosing TMDs. Frequencies, means, and standard deviations were applied, along with the prevalence ratio as a measure of association and the chi-square test. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: A total of 128 participants participated in the study with a mean age of 10.89 (\u00b12.15) years. The prevalence of TMDs was 54%, while the most common symptoms were muscle pain at 26%, joint pain at 14%, and a combination of both at 14%. Children who presented muscle pain had a mean anxiety score of 44.87 (\u00b111.85), whereas those without symptoms had a mean score of 36 (\u00b110.78, and 0.03 p-value). The BRUNI index revealed that 78.13% of patients with TMDs had difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 3.57 (p-value 0.041). Conclusions: The present study reveals that temporomandibular disorders are common in children and adolescents, with 54% presenting at least one clinical sign or symptom. Emotional disturbances and sleep problems were also prevalent, affecting 41% and 56% of participants, respectively. Early interdisciplinary screening is essential to manage the co-occurrence of TMDs, emotional distress, and sleep problems in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:31:27Z","timestamp":1747809087000},"page":"3599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Manifestations of Temporomandibular Disorders and Their Relationship with Sleep Disturbances and Emotional Disorders in a Spanish Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny Esther","family":"Tapia-Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Miguel","family":"Ticona-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Preclinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Reichard-Monefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Preclinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Elvira-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria Esther","family":"Gallardo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Di\u00e9guez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Preclinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-05822013000400018","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Sena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. 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