{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:02:20Z","timestamp":1789718540553,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Toral Family Foundation Fellowship in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurological Emergencies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The implementation and practice of palliative medicine have numerous boundaries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stemming from various cultural, legal, and religious concerns. Additionally, professional education in palliative care medicine in these countries is severely lacking, especially when compared with developed countries. Background\/Objectives: To enhance and demystify palliative medicine practice to health care providers in LMICs. Methods: We developed a novel and comprehensive course in palliative care medicine and end-of-life (EOL) care, specifically within the context of management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We performed both immediate pre-course and post-course analysis of course participant comprehension and feedback, as well as a one-year post-course analysis and small group discussion. Results: The comprehension of the course material was strong, as participants scored an average of 13.9 points better on the post-test compared to the pre-test (49.6% vs. 35.7%, p &lt; 0.001). Participants in the one-year follow-up session reported long-term applicability of the course material in their respective practice settings, with all participants reporting that they utilize the course material often. Small group discussion responses indicated a strong level of comprehension of the course material. Conclusions: Providing education in palliative medicine to health care professionals in LMICs is feasible, and likely to be both well-received and strongly influential to local medical practice. Local cultural and religious practices may be less of a barrier to the provision of palliative medicine than previously considered. Practicing palliative medicine, particularly at EOL, may strengthen patient\u2013provider relationships, improve job satisfaction among health care providers, and improve the perception of medical care provided in LMIC medical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1747903797000},"page":"3643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["End-of-Life Care Training for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in Ghana: A Novel Curriculum and Its Initial Implementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1563-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"},{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mathelier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8973-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Pompa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Clay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Carmelle","family":"Elie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY 11576, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheba Afi Mansa","family":"Fiadzomor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Ghana Armed Forces Medical Services, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1382-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence Nsohlebna","family":"Nsoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Ghana Armed Forces Medical Services, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben K.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"},{"name":"Section of Global Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19090","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v6i0.19090","article-title":"Medical causes of admissions to hospital among adults in Africa: A 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