{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:25:39Z","timestamp":1789676739237,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant health risk, especially for individuals with chronic medical conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder, and vaccinations are essential to its management. This study aimed to compare the reported willingness to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with the actual vaccination status among people with MS (pwMS) and identify factors explaining the discrepancy. Methods: In a longitudinal, two-center study, we analyzed 149 patients aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome or MS. The participants completed three surveys: a baseline survey (from June 2019 to June 2020), a pre-vaccine follow-up (from May to July 2020), and a post-vaccine follow-up (from October 2021 to January 2022). The data included sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological information. Results: Among the 149 participants, 122 (81.9%) received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, while 27 (18.1%) did not. The pwMS who were unwilling to become vaccinated and remained unvaccinated were less likely to live with a partner, had higher smoking rates, took more medications, had a higher number of previously discontinued disease-modifying therapies, and found pandemic policies inappropriate. No significant associations were found between vaccination willingness\/status and factors like age, sex, depression, or anxiety. Conclusions: This study highlights the gap between vaccination willingness and actual status in pwMS, revealing factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. The findings of this study offer insights into addressing vaccine uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1748204810000},"page":"3689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discrepancy Between Vaccination Willingness and Actual SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Status in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicita","family":"Heidler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, 99974 M\u00fchlhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7015-3094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Baldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8286-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvan Elias","family":"Langhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pegah","family":"Mashhadiakbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Streckenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, 99974 M\u00fchlhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe Klaus","family":"Zettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, May 10). 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