{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:36:45Z","timestamp":1792255005338,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the intra- and inter-explorer reliability of different lung ultrasound (LUS) scores in patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis with associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients with suspected RA-ILD based on the presence of respiratory symptoms, lung function tests (LFTs) or imaging alterations were recruited. The screening protocol consisted of an LFT, a chest X-ray, and HRCT. LUS examinations of different B-line and pleural line scores including 14 intercostal spaces were performed by three experienced sonographers, guaranteeing blinding. Intra- and inter-explorer reliability were calculated for all LUS scores and at the intercostal space level by weighted Cohen\u2019s kappa and Fleiss\u2019 kappa, respectively, relying on absolute differences using Stata\/IC 14.2 software\u00ae (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results: Both global (\u0138 = 0.73\u20130.82) and binary (\u0138 = 0.80\u20130.90) scores of B lines showed substantial to excellent intra-explorer reliability, with slightly better results for the binary score. The inter-explorer reliability was equally excellent for the global score (\u0138 = 0.93) and the binary score (\u0138 = 0.90) of B lines. The intra-explorer reliability of the semiquantitative pleural score was excellent for all the sonographers (\u0138 = 0.88\u20130.91), and the binary pleural score had slightly lower intra-explorer reliability (\u0138 = 0.77\u20130.84). Regarding inter-explorer reliability, both semiquantitative and binary pleural scores were equally excellent (\u0138 = 0.84). Good to excellent inter-explorer reliability was found in all the scanned areas. Conclusions: Substantial to excellent intra- and inter-explorer reliability of different feasible B-line and pleural LUS scores were found, adding evidence in favor of the potential implementation of LUS for RA-ILD diagnosis in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1748204810000},"page":"3701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Proposal for a New Lung Ultrasound Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Reliability of Lung Ultrasound for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Francisca","family":"Vicente-Rabaneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, C\/Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9225-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Poal de Reumatolog\u00eda, Carrer de Castanyer, 15, Sarri\u00e0-Sant Gervasi, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdon","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Neumol\u00f3gica Colombiana, 13b Street #161-85, Bogot\u00e1 110221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9526-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, C\/Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel-Santiago","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Biomab IPS, 48th Street #13-86, Bogot\u00e1 110221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Barcelona Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Poal de Reumatolog\u00eda, Carrer de Castanyer, 15, Sarri\u00e0-Sant Gervasi, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s\/n, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, C\/Diego de Le\u00f3n 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Santos-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Research Departments, Biomab IPS, 48th Street #13-86, Bogot\u00e1 110221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Zhang, J., Liang, J., Xiao, M., Zhang, G., Jing, Z., Lv, L., Nan, K., and Dang, X. 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