{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:46:31Z","timestamp":1790138791603,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism and continuously adapt through dynamic processes such as fusion and fission. When the balance between these processes is disrupted, it can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, contributing to the development and progression of various cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Their role is crucial in diabetes mellitus (DM), since their dysfunction drives \u03b2-cell apoptosis, immune activation, and chronic inflammation through excessive ROS production, worsening endogenous insulin secretion. Moreover, sympathetic nervous system activation and altered dynamics, contribute to hypertension through oxidative stress, impaired mitophagy, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the role of mitochondria is catalytic in endothelial dysfunction through excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, disrupting the vascular tone, permeability, and apoptosis, while impairing antioxidant defense and promoting inflammatory processes. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between ROS\/Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) imbalance, promotes atherosclerotic alterations and oxidative modification of oxidizing low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), situated in close proximity to the inner mitochondrial membrane where ROS are generated, is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage. ROS activate redox-sensitive inflammatory signaling pathways, notably the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway, leading to the transcriptional upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. This proinflammatory milieu promotes endothelial activation and monocyte recruitment, thereby perpetuating local inflammation and enhancing atherogenesis. Additionally, mitochondrial disruptions in heart failure promote further ischemic injury and excessive oxidative stress release and impair ATP production and Ca2\u207a dysregulation, contributing to cell death, fibrosis, and decreased cardiac performance. This narrative review aims to investigate the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and CMDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1748204810000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Development and Progression of Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8693-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loukia","family":"Pliouta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stamatios","family":"Lampsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Kountouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Korakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Thymis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-0599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Cardiology, \u201cSotiria\u201d Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaia","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12584","article-title":"Mitochondrial behaviour, morphol, and animal performance","volume":"95","author":"Heine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders\u2014A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies","volume":"1863","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3013","article-title":"Mitochondrial fusion and fission in cell life and death","volume":"11","author":"Westermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219855","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress","volume":"337","author":"Youle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601963","article-title":"Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Twig","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12378","article-title":"Structure, function, and regulation of mitofusin-2 in health and disease","volume":"93","author":"Chandhok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokuyama, T., and Yanagi, S. (2023). Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Heart Diseases. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14101876"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020502","article-title":"Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Autophagy Plays a Protective Role Against Pressure Overload-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Failure","volume":"133","author":"Shirakabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0915","article-title":"Metformin Suppresses Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis via the Inhibition of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e039129","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.039129","article-title":"Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Neurohumoral and Mitochondrial Activation in Patients With Diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Ikonomidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000446586","article-title":"Primary Mitochondrial Disease and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Importance of Distinction for Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Niyazov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Syndromol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenti, D., and Vacca, R.A. (2022). Primary and Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases: Etiologies and Therapeutic Strategies. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144209"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.07.002","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Inflammation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function","volume":"72","author":"Blagov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad189","article-title":"Women Have Greater Endothelin-B Receptor Function and Lower Mitochondrial Capacity Compared to Men With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"108","author":"Derella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.01.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial regulation of beta-cell function: Maintaining the momentum for insulin release","volume":"42","author":"Kaufman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-019-02325-9","article-title":"ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore mediate effects of hydrogen sulfide on cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis and insulin secretion in beta-cells","volume":"471","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06826.x","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis","volume":"1281","author":"Padgett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"789","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction results from oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diet-induced insulin-resistant mice","volume":"118","author":"Bonnard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, X., Tang, P., Rong, Y., Jiang, D., Lu, X., Ji, C., Wang, J., Huang, C., Duan, A., and Liu, Y. (2021). Exosomal miR-155 from M1-polarized macrophages promotes EndoMT and impairs mitochondrial function via activating NF-kappaB signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells after traumatic spinal cord injury. Redox Biol., 41.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101932"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0356","article-title":"Exosomes From Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Attenuate Adipose Inflammation and Obesity Through Polarizing M2 Macrophages and Beiging in White Adipose Tissue","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8185","article-title":"IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma mark beta cells for Fas-dependent destruction by diabetogenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes","volume":"105","author":"Amrani","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00494-5","article-title":"Oxalate-induced apoptosis through ERS-ROS-NF-kappaB signalling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cell","volume":"28","author":"Ming","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237359100","article-title":"Contribution of Fas to diabetes development","volume":"100","author":"Savinov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlos, D., Costa, F.R., Pereira, C.A., Rocha, F.A., Yaochite, J.N., Oliveira, G.G., Carneiro, F.S., Tostes, R.C., Ramos, S.G., and Zamboni, D.S. (2017). Mitochondrial DNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Predisposes to Type 1 Diabetes in Murine Model. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00164"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0490-7","article-title":"Sirtuin 3 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy via necroptosis enhancement and NLRP3 activation","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4201-3","article-title":"Interferon-alpha mediates human beta cell HLA class I overexpression, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, three hallmarks of early human type 1 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Marroqui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3704","article-title":"Mitochondria are the powerhouses of immunity","volume":"18","author":"Mills","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0321","article-title":"Clec16a, Nrdp1, and USP8 Form a Ubiquitin-Dependent Tripartite Complex That Regulates beta-Cell Mitophagy","volume":"67","author":"Pearson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328708","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and outcome in acutely decompensated cirrhosis: The metabolomic prognostic models (CLIF-C MET)","volume":"72","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697","article-title":"Obesity-induced hypertension: Interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms","volume":"116","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.031","article-title":"A Network of Macrophages Supports Mitochondrial Homeostasis in the Heart","volume":"183","author":"Santiago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.04.012","article-title":"The Transition From Hypertension to Heart Failure: Contemporary Update","volume":"5","author":"Messerli","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138538","article-title":"Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory activation of PBMCs in heart failure","volume":"130","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H187","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00270.2023","article-title":"Chronic mitochondria antioxidant treatment in older adults alters the circulating milieu to improve endothelial cell function and mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"325","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"2659","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission is required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mediated by a Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway","volume":"127","author":"Pennanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.04.003","article-title":"Down-regulation of mitofusin-2 expression in cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo","volume":"80","author":"Fang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-024-01610-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission inhibition protects against hypertension induced by angiotensin II","volume":"47","author":"Preston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2023.04.002","article-title":"CARMA3 Deficiency Aggravates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development Interacting Between Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tashkandi, A.J., Gorman, A., McGoldrick Mathers, E., Carney, G., Yacoub, A., Setyaningsih, W.A.W., Kuburas, R., and Margariti, A. (2025). Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysregulations in Diabetic Cardiac Complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073016"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Krantz, S., Qin, X., Li, S., Gunasekara, H., Kim, Y.M., Zimnicka, A., Bae, M., Ma, K., and Toth, P.T. (2022). Caveolin-1 controls mitochondrial damage and ROS production by regulating fission\u2014Fusion dynamics and mitophagy. Redox Biol., 52.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102304"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2084862","article-title":"Mitochondria ROS and mitophagy in acute kidney injury","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(05)73654-5","article-title":"Mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, aging and insulin resistance","volume":"31","author":"Ritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.7502","article-title":"The vascular endothelium and human diseases","volume":"9","author":"Rajendran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, G., Lin, F., Wu, D., Lin, C., Chen, H., Wei, Y., Weng, H., Chen, Z., Wu, M., and Huang, E. (2022). Rosmarinic Acid Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage by Alleviating Unfolded Protein Response. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.859978"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13463","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103447","article-title":"Mechanistic study of mtROS-JNK-SOD2 signaling in bupivacaine-induced neuron oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6881","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx306","article-title":"The non-stop decay mRNA surveillance pathway is required for oxidative stress tolerance","volume":"45","author":"Jamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"593","article-title":"Mitochondrial Ca2+ Transport: Mechanisms, Molecular Structures, and Role in Cells","volume":"84","author":"Belosludtsev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16680637","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: Implications for neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling","volume":"37","author":"Kannurpatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C732","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00350.2017","article-title":"Overexpression of hexokinase 2 reduces mitochondrial calcium overload in coronary endothelial cells of type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"314","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belosludtsev, K.N., Belosludtseva, N.V., and Dubinin, M.V. (2020). Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca(2+)-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186559"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.05.005","article-title":"Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases","volume":"100","author":"Incalza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukai, T., and Ushio-Fukai, M. (2020). Cross-Talk between NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondria: Role in ROS Signaling and Angiogenesis. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081849"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2013","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release","volume":"94","author":"Zorov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000261970.18328.1d","article-title":"Endothelial mitochondria: Contributing to vascular function and disease","volume":"100","author":"Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180320121137","article-title":"Modified and Dysfunctional Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis: Effectors or Biomarkers?","volume":"26","author":"Orekhov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.212753","article-title":"Defective DNA replication impairs mitochondrial biogenesis in human failing hearts","volume":"106","author":"Karamanlidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.018","article-title":"IDH2 deficiency promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in mice","volume":"80","author":"Ku","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, W., Lu, C., Huang, H., Zhang, W., Song, S., and Liu, B. (2020). (+)-Usnic Acid Induces ROS-dependent Apoptosis via Inhibition of Mitochondria Respiratory Chain Complexes and Nrf2 Expression in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030876"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahveci, A.S., Barnatan, T.T., Kahveci, A., Adrian, A.E., Arroyo, J., Eirin, A., Harris, P.C., Lerman, A., Lerman, L.O., and Torres, V.E. (2020). Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Abnormalities Contribute to Decreased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Renal Disease Progression in Early Experimental Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061994"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Huang, X., Niu, C., Wang, X., Li, W., Liu, M., Wang, Y., Huang, S., Chen, X., and Li, X. (2021). aFGF alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress via Wnt\/beta-catenin-mediated upregulation of HXK2. Redox Biol., 39.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101811"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2080","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00917.2020","article-title":"Mitochondrial contributions to vascular endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"320","author":"Kirkman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aranda-Rivera, A.K., Cruz-Gregorio, A., Aparicio-Trejo, O.E., and Pedraza-Chaverri, J. (2021). Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081144"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013350","article-title":"SOD2 V16A amplifies vascular dysfunction in sickle cell patients by curtailing mitochondria complex IV activity","volume":"139","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117622","article-title":"Synergistic effects of PS-NPs and Cd on ovarian toxicity in adolescent rats: Ferroptosis by induction of mitochondrial redox imbalance via the SIRT3-SOD2\/Gpx4 pathway","volume":"290","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1417631","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: A brief review","volume":"50","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lampsas, S., Xenou, M., Oikonomou, E., Pantelidis, P., Lysandrou, A., Sarantos, S., Goliopoulou, A., Kalogeras, K., Tsigkou, V., and Kalpis, A. (2023). Lipoprotein(a) in Atherosclerotic Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Diagnosis and Treatment. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28030969"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160607104602","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix in Atherosclerosis: Hyaluronan and Proteoglycans Insights","volume":"23","author":"Viola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.017","article-title":"The effect of intakes of fish and Camelina sativa oil on atherogenic and anti-atherogenic functions of LDL and HDL particles: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"281","author":"Manninen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging","volume":"65","author":"Angulo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.009","article-title":"Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Shimada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0149","article-title":"MMS19 localizes to mitochondria and protects the mitochondrial genome from oxidative damage","volume":"96","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E268","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00314.2018","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An organ-based analysis","volume":"316","author":"Pinti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salnikova, D., Orekhova, V., Grechko, A., Starodubova, A., Bezsonov, E., Popkova, T., and Orekhov, A. (2021). Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Wall Cells and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168990"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction Prevents Repolarization of Inflammatory Macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Baardman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302153","article-title":"Macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes atherosclerosis and nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated inflammation in macrophages","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1670","article-title":"Iron overloaded polarizes macrophage to proinflammation phenotype through ROS\/acetyl-p53 pathway","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026623666221017144734","article-title":"Interleukin-1 in Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"22","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.11.006","article-title":"Susceptibility of monocytes to activation correlates with atherogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations","volume":"99","author":"Orekhov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, W.W., and Wei, A.C. (2022). Kinetic Mathematical Modeling of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cardiomyocyte Mitochondria. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244020"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2016-0743","article-title":"Mechanisms of spontaneous pacing: Sinoatrial nodal cells, neonatal cardiomyocytes, and human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"95","author":"Morad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.05.004","article-title":"Dynamic organization of mitochondria in human heart and in myocardial disease","volume":"41","author":"Hoppel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-023-01011-3","article-title":"Giant mitochondria in cardiomyocytes: Cellular architecture in health and disease","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03605-2","article-title":"Identification and analysis of mitochondria-related key genes of heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-019-00724-6","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and role in spreading depolarization and seizure","volume":"47","author":"Toglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2007","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying acute protection from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"88","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13909","article-title":"Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS","volume":"515","author":"Chouchani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"She, R., Liu, D., Liao, J., Wang, G., Ge, J., and Mei, Z. (2023). Mitochondrial dysfunctions induce PANoptosis and ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury: From pathology to therapeutic potential. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1191629"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5407.1488","article-title":"Oxidative phosphorylation at the fin de siecle","volume":"283","author":"Saraste","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.105.6.e44","article-title":"Cardiac energetics in congestive heart failure","volume":"105","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14431","article-title":"Mitochondrial function in the heart: The insight into mechanisms and therapeutic potentials","volume":"176","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lozhkin, A., Vendrov, A.E., Ramos-Mondragon, R., Canugovi, C., Stevenson, M.D., Herron, T.J., Hummel, S.L., Figueroa, C.A., Bowles, D.E., and Isom, L.L. (2022). Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol., 57.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102474"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.12.015","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation underpins heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in mice","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2009","article-title":"Myocardial fatty acid metabolism in health and disease","volume":"90","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2009.12.004","article-title":"Cardiac aging in mice and humans: The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"19","author":"Dai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12948","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12948","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans","volume":"7","author":"Trammell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1021","article-title":"Mitochondria as a therapeutic target in heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Bayeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.10.019","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcium and the regulation of metabolism in the heart","volume":"78","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3412","article-title":"Mitochondria as sensors and regulators of calcium signalling","volume":"13","author":"Rizzuto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10234","article-title":"Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter","volume":"476","author":"Baughman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1005","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00236.2016","article-title":"Expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in cardiac myocytes improves impaired mitochondrial calcium handling and metabolism in simulated hyperglycemia","volume":"311","author":"Suarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1237","article-title":"MICU1 Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Mitochondrial Ca(2+)-Dependent Antioxidant Response","volume":"66","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsigkou, V., Oikonomou, E., Anastasiou, A., Lampsas, S., Zakynthinos, G.E., Kalogeras, K., Katsioupa, M., Kapsali, M., Kourampi, I., and Pesiridis, T. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054321"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20796","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.025353","article-title":"Calcium elevation in mitochondria is the main Ca2+ requirement for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening","volume":"284","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.09.023","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Molecular nature and role as a target in cardioprotection","volume":"78","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-016-9960-y","article-title":"A small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2 rescues cardiomyopathy in a D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II mouse model","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oikonomou, E., Theofilis, P., Lampsas, S., Katsarou, O., Kalogeras, K., Marinos, G., Tsatsaragkou, A., Anastasiou, A., Lysandrou, A., and Gounaridi, M.I. (2022). Current Concepts and Future Applications of Non-Invasive Functional and Anatomical Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111803"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.01.007","article-title":"Increased reactive oxygen species production and functional alterations in antioxidant enzymes in human failing myocardium","volume":"11","author":"Sam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganotopoulou, A., Korakas, E., Pliouta, L., Kountouri, A., Pililis, S., Lampsas, S., Ikonomidis, I., Rallidis, L.S., Papazafiropoulou, A., and Melidonis, A. (2024). Association Between Plasma ADAMTS-7 Levels and Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medicina, 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60121981"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.enz.2019.06.002","article-title":"Enzymology of mitochondrial DNA repair","volume":"45","author":"Alencar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enzymes"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046001","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"141","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mongelli, A., Mengozzi, A., Geiger, M., Gorica, E., Mohammed, S.A., Paneni, F., Ruschitzka, F., and Costantino, S. (2023). Mitochondrial epigenetics in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1204483"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43719-9","article-title":"Genes with epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact mitochondrial function, insulin secretion, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Ronn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110597","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-dependent CD4(+)PD-1(+)T cells are pathological expansion in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577506","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5577506","article-title":"Mitochondrial Quality Control Orchestrates the Symphony of B Cells and Plays Critical Roles in B Cell-Related Diseases","volume":"2024","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00659-x","article-title":"The role of mitophagy in innate immune responses triggered by mitochondrial stress","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106761","article-title":"Mitochondria associated ER membranes and cerebral ischemia: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"191","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V43N4p216","article-title":"The relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), bilirubin (Bil) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) in asymptomatic subjects attending a clinic for screening dyslipidaemias","volume":"43","author":"Kotani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08947","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Mitochondrial Damage and Inflammation by Stabilizing Mitochondrial DNA","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, C.F., Chen, G.W., Chen, Y.C., Shen, C.K., Lu, D.Y., Yang, L.Y., Chen, J.H., and Yeh, W.L. (2021). Regulatory Effects of Quercetin on M1\/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Oxidative\/Antioxidative Balance. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010067"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.06.022","article-title":"DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha and TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 restrain mitochondrial DNA-mediated interferon signaling in macrophages","volume":"55","author":"Cobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staneva, D., Vasileva, B., Podlesniy, P., Miloshev, G., and Georgieva, M. (2023). Yeast Chromatin Mutants Reveal Altered mtDNA Copy Number and Impaired Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030329"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9423593","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9423593","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-Modulated mtDNA: A Potential Target for Cardiac Aging","volume":"2020","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109447","article-title":"Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.009","article-title":"The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2017-000681","article-title":"Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals","volume":"66","author":"Cataldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanjaneya, M., Bettahi, I., Jerobin, J., Chandra, P., Abi Khalil, C., Skarulis, M., Atkin, S.L., and Abou-Samra, A.B. (2019). Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides Are Down Regulated in Diabetes Subjects. Front. Endocrinol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00331"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, J., Wang, M., Pan, Y., Liang, M., Fu, Y., Duan, Y., Tang, M., Laher, I., and Li, S. (2021). The mitochondrial signaling peptide MOTS-c improves myocardial performance during exercise training in rats. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99568-3"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Wang, G., Pang, X., Ma, J., Yuan, J., Pan, Y., Fu, Y., Laher, I., and Li, S. (2022). MOTS-c repairs myocardial damage by inhibiting the CCN1\/ERK1\/2\/EGR1 pathway in diabetic rats. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1060684"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.172909","article-title":"The intraperitoneal administration of MOTS-c produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects through the activation of AMPK pathway in the mouse formalin test","volume":"870","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, B., Yu, Q., Chang, B., Guo, Q., Xu, S., Yi, X., and Cao, S. (2021). MOTS-c interacts synergistically with exercise intervention to regulate PGC-1alpha expression, attenuate insulin resistance and enhance glucose metabolism in mice via AMPK signaling pathway. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1867.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166126"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.05.135","article-title":"Mitochondria related peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovariectomy-induced bone loss via AMPK activation","volume":"476","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e27","article-title":"Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Roh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu047","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns and vascular function","volume":"35","author":"Wenceslau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2028","article-title":"Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors","volume":"15","author":"Ghiringhelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.003","article-title":"Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors","volume":"34","author":"Loo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168563","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.168563","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolites predict adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Regan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, X.Y., Ma, S., Tse, G., Wong, W.T., and Huang, Y. (2018). Uncoupling Protein 2 in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01060"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00518-y","article-title":"Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in cardiovascular disease","volume":"42","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J., Duan, J., Wang, Q., Xu, S., Zhou, S., and Yao, K. (2022). Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Cardiometabolic Disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.917135"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canadas-Garre, M., Maqueda, J.J., Banos-Jaime, B., Hill, C., Skelly, R., Cappa, R., Brennan, E., Doyle, R., Godson, C., and Maxwell, A.P. (2024). Mitochondrial related variants associated with cardiovascular traits. Front. Physiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1395371"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grazioli, S., and Pugin, J. (2018). Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns: From Inflammatory Signaling to Human Diseases. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00832"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130351","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10 improves endothelial function and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"54","author":"Graham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12461","article-title":"First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics","volume":"171","author":"Szeto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.12.005","article-title":"Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart","volume":"4","author":"Chatfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.01.002","article-title":"Resveratrol supplementation: Where are we now and where should we go?","volume":"21","author":"Novelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002138","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: A meta-analysis of the clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Rosenfeldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2012.07.003","article-title":"PGC-1 proteins and heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Riehle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowan, D.B., Yao, R., Akurathi, V., Snay, E.R., Thedsanamoorthy, J.K., Zurakowski, D., Ericsson, M., Friehs, I., Wu, Y., and Levitsky, S. (2016). Intracoronary Delivery of Mitochondria to the Ischemic Heart for Cardioprotection. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160889"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/11\/3706\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:40:13Z","timestamp":1760031613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/11\/3706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14113706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14113706","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]}}}