{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1781579126306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with arrhythmias, particularly paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), face an increased risk of cardiac complications. Currently, non-parenteral medications for rapid PSVT cessation are lacking. Etripamil, a novel intranasal, short-acting calcium channel blocker, offers a rapid onset and the potential for unsupervised PSVT management. However, data on its use in arrhythmia management remain limited. Aims: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 70 mg of etripamil compared with placebo in the treatment of PSVT. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to April 2025. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random or common effects models, depending on the heterogeneity. Results: Four RCTs including 540 patients were analyzed. Etripamil demonstrated higher conversion rates to the sinus rhythm at 15 min (RR 1.84 [95% CI: 1.32\u20132.48]), 30 min (RR 1.80 [95% CI: 1.38\u20132.35]), and 60 min (RR 1.24 [95% CI: 1.04\u20131.48]). PSVT recurrence rates were similar between groups (RR 0.52 [95% CI: 0.20\u20131.34]). Adverse events (AEs) and severe AEs were comparable between etripamil and the placebo. Etripamil was associated with higher rates of nasal discomfort, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis but not with increased bradyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Conclusions: Etripamil appears to be a promising treatment for cardiac arrhythmias. Larger long-term RCTs are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:29:36Z","timestamp":1748338176000},"page":"3720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Etripamil for Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayank","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat 395001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1864-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song P.","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health\/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aasim","family":"Akthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Francis Medical Center, Monroe, LA 71201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hritvik","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3344-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-4287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth","family":"Goldbarg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0076","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"331","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15109","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Rehorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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