{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:44:50Z","timestamp":1791474290522,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension disorders of pregnancy affect almost 10% of pregnancies. Most hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy, including chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension, often persist into the postpartum period. Thus, many breastfeeding mothers require ongoing antihypertensive treatment with antihypertensive medications while nursing. This highlights the importance of understanding the efficacy, safety, and potential adverse effects of antihypertensive therapy in breastfeeding mothers. Unfortunately, research in this area is limited, and references in clinical guidelines remain sparse. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on antihypertensive medications during breastfeeding, drawing from available research and evidence-based guidelines. This article discusses all groups of antihypertensive drugs, presenting societies\u2019 recommendations and available clinical data. Based on the available literature, calcium channel blockers (extended-release nifedipine as the first choice) and beta-blockers (labetalol, metoprolol) appear to be the drugs of choice. Our review highlights the need for further research to evaluate the long-term safety of antihypertensive medications during breastfeeding, improve clinical guidelines, and ensure optimal treatment for nursing mothers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:29:36Z","timestamp":1748338176000},"page":"3722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Safety and Risks of Antihypertensive Medications During Breastfeeding: A Review of Current Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Piotrkowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Group, Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Skrzypczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Prejbisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Dobrowolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Gawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Kosi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000208","article-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Blood Pressure Goals, and Pharmacotherapy: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"79","author":"Garovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g2301","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2301","article-title":"Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"348","author":"Bramham","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1666976","article-title":"Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy: New Concepts for Classification and Management","volume":"36","author":"Chahine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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