{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:19:14Z","timestamp":1760059154558,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2011-0134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2011-0134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","award":["6-2011-0134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2011-0134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a hallmark of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). However, genetic studies on MTLE patients with HS (MTLE-HS) remain limited, especially in East Asian populations. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with MTLE-HS and elucidate their biological relevance through integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 157 Korean epilepsy patients, including 52 MTLE-HS subjects and 105 non-acquired focal epilepsy individuals without HS as controls. The splicing and expression quantitative trait locus (sQTL and eQTL, respectively) effects of significant variants were analyzed using GTEx datasets. Transcriptomic data from the hippocampi of MTLE-HS subjects and an epilepsy mouse model were examined to assess TMEM14A expression. Gene correlation enrichment analysis was performed to investigate potential associations with epilepsy-related phenotypes. Results: The GWAS identified rs6924849, located downstream of TMEM14A, as significantly associated with MTLE-HS. The sQTL analysis revealed that rs6924849 induces abnormal TMEM14A splicing in hippocampal tissue. Transcriptomic analyses showed reduced TMEM14A expression in MTLE-HS hippocampi, while mice with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy exhibited a transient increase in TMEM14A expression during the acute phase post-status epilepticus. Gene correlation enrichment analyses linked TMEM14A to seizure-related phenotypes in both humans and mice. Conclusions: This study identifies rs6924849 as a novel genetic variant associated with MTLE-HS in an East Asian population. The dysfunctional splicing and altered expression of TMEM14A may contribute to the neuronal loss characteristic of HS, as TMEM14A regulates apoptosis. These findings emphasize the potential role of TMEM14A in MTLE-HS pathogenesis from genomic and transcriptomic perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T06:25:04Z","timestamp":1748499904000},"page":"3810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TMEM14A Gene Affects Hippocampal Sclerosis in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4723-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soomi","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1188-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Seok","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5850-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70039-5","article-title":"Navigating the channels and beyond: Unravelling the genetics of the epilepsies","volume":"7","author":"Helbig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies (2014). 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