{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:55:49Z","timestamp":1792432549897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School","award":["HiLF-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HiLF-1"]}]},{"name":"Hannover Medical School","award":["DFG ME 3696\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG ME 3696\/3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Hannover Medical School and the DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HiLF-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HiLF-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Hannover Medical School and the DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG ME 3696\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG ME 3696\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The consumption of highly processed foods (HPFs) is increasing on a global scale, and these foods have been associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In particular, the consumption of HPFs has been associated with the intensification of inflammatory responses, with these foods being implicated in the exacerbation of chronic inflammatory conditions. Conversely, ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been indicated as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). Methods: From October 2023 to October 2024, 275 patients with IBD were screened at a tertiary referral center. This study\u2019s control cohort comprises 101 individuals from the local population. All study participants answered a questionnaire asking about the participants\u2019 sex, body type and weight, height, age, marital status, employment, and other sociodemographic information. All subjects had to complete a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the German version of the Screening Questionnaire of Highly Processed Food Consumption (sQ-HPF). IBD patients answered questions about their disease course and history as well as objective parameters of inflammation have been collected. Results: The sQ-HPF (%) showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001; g = \u22120.5) between the IBD cohort and the control group, suggesting higher HPF consumption within the IBD cohort. A subsequent analysis of the IBD cohort found no significant difference by disease type (Crohn\u2019s disease: p = 0.441; g = \u22120.1; ulcerative colitis: p = 0.170; g = \u22120.3) or sex (women: p = 0.219; g = 0.2; men: p = 0.522; g = 0.1), but men with colitis did show higher HPF% compared to women with the same diagnosis. Spearman\u2019s rho revealed no significant correlation between fecal calprotectin and HPF% in men with CD (p = 0.155, r = 0.191) or women with CD (p = 0.836, r = 0.026), and no correlation in men with UC (p = 0.707, r = 0.057) or women with UC (p = 0.560, r = \u22120.099). IBD health-related quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with HPF consumption in CD men (p = 0.026, r = 0.278), but not in CD women (p = 0.539, r = 0.075). No significant correlations between HPF consumption and health-related quality of life have been found in UC (men: p = 0.663, r = \u22120.064; women: p = 0.445, r = 0.121). Conclusions: The German version of the sQ-HPF is a reliable tool for rapid screening of habitual HPF% consumption in IBD patients. The findings of this analysis indicate a clear deviation from the recommended nutritional regimens for IBD, emphasizing the imperative for further investigation and the potential development of interventions to address these dietary discrepancies, with the ultimate goal of optimizing health outcomes for these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T07:46:26Z","timestamp":1748504786000},"page":"3819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Highly Processed Food Consumption in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Application of the German Screening Questionnaire (sQ-HPF)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6807-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"Pueschel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Nothacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Dietitians, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrike","family":"Lenzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Interventional Endoscopy and Diabetology, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, 38126 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7644-1529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Wiestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"PRACTIS Clinician Scientist Program, Dean\u2019s Office for Academic Career Development, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Role of diet in prevention versus treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Halmos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.44","article-title":"Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"106","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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