{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:00Z","timestamp":1787028660400,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Since overweight is increasing worldwide, the interest in its potential impact on fertility treatment has increased. Whilst the body mass index (BMI)-based overweight classification is simple, BMI cannot measure body fat distribution. In this research, we aim to investigate whether waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are better predictors of ovarian response in IVF cycles than BMI. Methods: This prospective observational study included 265 couples undergoing their first IVF\/ICSI treatment. BMI, WC, WHR, and insulin sensitivity (measured with homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index) were assessed at enrollment. The primary outcome of the study was the correlations between the study variables and the ovarian sensitivity index (OSI), calculated according to the formula [(number of retrieved oocytes\/total gonadotropin dose) \u00d7 1000]. Secondary outcomes were other IVF-related outcomes, including live birth rates. Results: The study included 265 women with a mean age of 35.8 \u00b1 4.4 years. The mean BMI was 24.0 \u00b1 4.2 kg\/m2, WC was 79.1 \u00b1 10.8 cm, and WHR was 0.85 \u00b1 0.09. WC was &gt;80 cm in 102 women and \u226480 cm in 163; WHR was &gt;0.85 in 146 women and \u22640.85 in 119. Higher WC and WHR were both significantly associated with lower OSI, independent of BMI. OSI was lower in women with a WC of &gt;80 cm vs. \u226480 cm (3.2 \u00b1 2.5 vs. 4.6 \u00b1 3.9, p &lt; 0.05) and in those with a WHR of &gt;0.85 vs. \u22640.85 (3.4 \u00b1 2.3 vs. 4.9 \u00b1 4.1, p &lt; 0.05). Live birth rates did not differ between groups. Conclusions: The type of body fat distribution is associated with the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation. In particular, upper body fat correlates negatively with ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins. However, potential effects on live birth rates do not seem to be clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1748579278000},"page":"3848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity on In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Roberto","family":"Carosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Revelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 2U, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2018Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ruffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Carosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5481-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianvito","family":"Contangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gennarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant\u2019Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217","article-title":"A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: As its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on","volume":"133","author":"Boutari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2021). 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