{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:20:16Z","timestamp":1760059216390,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["66\u2013525\u20131\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["66\u2013525\u20131\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Preterm neonates with a birth weight (BW) of 500\u20131250 g who receive prophylactic methylxanthine have a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental disability than their counterparts. In a meta-analysis of previous studies (published during 1985\u20131993, with no routine continuous positive airway pressure), extubation failure rates in preterm neonates with BW &lt; 2500 g who received and did not receive methylxanthine were 25.0% and 50.6%, respectively (risk difference, \u22120.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.39 to \u22120.15). However, no study to date has assessed the effects of prophylactic methylxanthine use on endotracheal extubation in infants weighing 1250\u20132499 g until now. Methods: First-time extubation was compared between 1:1 propensity score-matched methylxanthine and non-methylxanthine groups from a retrospective cohort of 541 neonates (born during 2014\u20132024). Results: The domains from the overall cohort and propensity-matched data included 541 and 192 neonates, respectively. In the propensity score-matched sample, the mean gestational age and BW were 30.9 \u00b1 1.9 weeks and 1584 \u00b1 273 g, respectively. The median 5-min Apgar score was 9 (range of 7\u20139). Extubation failure within 7 days occurred in 10 (10.4%) and 13 (13.5%) neonates in the methylxanthine (n = 96) and non-methylxanthine (n = 96) groups, respectively, with a risk difference (95% CI) of \u22120.03 (\u22120.12 to 0.06), p = 0.50, and hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.76 (0.33 to 1.72), p = 0.51. Conclusions: In the current era with new non-invasive ventilation approaches, extubation failure in preterm neonates with a BW of 1250\u20132499 g is not significantly affected by the use of methylxanthine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T09:22:41Z","timestamp":1748596961000},"page":"3856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Prophylactic Methylxanthines to Prevent Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates with a Birth Weight of 1250\u20132499 g: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2599-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pachima","family":"Suwankomonkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2363-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anucha","family":"Thatrimontrichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2437-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pattima","family":"Pakhathirathien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manapat","family":"Praditaukrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunlawadee","family":"Maneenil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supaporn","family":"Dissaneevate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chamaiporn","family":"Trangkhanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3613-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeracha","family":"Phon-in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065","article-title":"Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"354","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. 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