{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:02Z","timestamp":1760059442608,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to evaluate the functional status of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles using tensiomyography in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The study involved 19 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) aged 19\u201346 years and 24 healthy individuals aged 20\u201325 years. Each person underwent a tensiomyographic examination of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles in both upper limbs. The following indices were analysed: contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td), muscle displacement (Dm), and bilateral and antagonist functional asymmetry index. Results: For the biceps brachii muscle, a statistically significant difference in muscle stiffness was observed between the MS and healthy groups. These differences were noted on both the left and right sides (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: The results of the tensiomyographic examination of the arm muscles in the group of patients with MS showed increased stiffness of the biceps brachii muscle. The functional asymmetry index in the triceps brachii muscle showed a significant difference between the sides, but no differences were noted in the functional asymmetry index between the antagonist muscles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1749808284000},"page":"4212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Possibilities of Using Tensiomyography to Assess Early Changes in Muscle Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis\u2014Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2162-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kurzeja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Culture in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szurmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Educational Science, University of Silesia, 43-400 Cieszyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Daszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Orthopaedics Rehabilitation in Zakopane, 34-500 Zakopane, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0160tefan","family":"Madar\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SNP Central Military Hospital, Faculty Hospital, 034 01 Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Hudakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SNP Central Military Hospital, Faculty Hospital, 034 01 Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Catholic University, 034 01 Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Ro\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Policy and Health Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, 30-084 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1422-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Bibrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research Center of Body Posture, Kazimiera Milanowska College of Education and Therapy, 61-473 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.021","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy","volume":"97","author":"Kaskow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) (2019). 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