{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:40:51Z","timestamp":1781224851133,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland","award":["SUPB.RN.25.016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUPB.RN.25.016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The primary objective of our preliminary study was to estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between the presence of TMDs and the level of MS-related disability. Methods: The study was conducted at two centers in Poland dealing with the treatment of MS between March 2025 and April 2025. The study used an original survey questionnaire, the European Academy of Craniomandibular Diseases (EACD) questionnaire and the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD). The study group included people with multiple sclerosis, while the control group consisted of healthy people without neurological deficits. The study group was examined using the following methods: the McDonald criteria and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: The study involved 90 people (45 in both groups). The majority of the study participants were women (80.0%), aged 20\u201330 years (51.1%) and people living in small towns (51.1%). The largest number of patients with MS were noted with RRMS (75.5%). The duration of the disease was on average 3.3 \u00b1 2.4, and the EDSS score was on average 2.5 \u00b1 1.5. People from the study group significantly (p \u2264 0.05; ES = 0.52\u20130.86) reported TMDs more frequently based on EACD (pain on opening the mouth: 86.7%; facial pain: 57.8%; joint locking: 28.9%; headaches: 75.3%). The diagnosis of TMDs was confirmed in 40.0% of people with MS and 11.1% of healthy volunteers (p \u2264 0.05). Patients most frequently reported muscle pain and disk displacement with reduction (p \u2264 0.05). The disability score in the MS group did not exhibit differences in the occurrence of TMDs (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The study showed that TMDs are more common in people with multiple sclerosis. The degree of disability did not differentiate the occurrence of TMDs. The authors intend to expand research on the influence of potential risk factors on the occurrence of TMDs in people with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1750232295000},"page":"4338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Axis I of DC\/TMD in Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders in People with Multiple Sclerosis\u2014Preliminary Reports"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6277-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna","family":"Odzimek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, the Jan Kochanowski University, \u017beromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"The Jan Kochanowski University, Collegium Medicum, Institute of Health Sciences, al. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Lipi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jan Kochanowski University, Collegium Medicum, Institute of Health Sciences, al. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Dubi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, the Jan Kochanowski University, \u017beromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0881-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jan Kochanowski University, Collegium Medicum, Institute of Health Sciences, al. 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