{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:00:13Z","timestamp":1787313613808,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR under the PNRR M4C2I1.4 project \u201cRome Technopole\u201d, Flagship 4","award":["CUP B83C22002820006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B83C22002820006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients\u2019 attitude toward therapy and adherence to treatment are central in determining the long-term outcomes of medical treatment in ulcerative colitis. A complex interplay of differing factors modulates the likelihood of persisting in or discontinuing treatment, including patients\u2019 beliefs and concerns about adverse effects of drugs, as well as the interactions with medical staff. Emotional attitude and expectancies are reflected in the so-called placebo and nocebo effects which influence patients\u2019 choices to adhere to or discontinue treatment. They represent important confounding factors in clinical trials and are amplified when the evaluation relies on patient-reported outcomes more than on objective measurements. The therapeutic gain related to placebo effects is likely also relevant in day-to-day practice, but few data are available. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide critical insight into the adherence to therapy in ulcerative colitis and its interaction with the emotional component of the effects of therapy, resulting in the placebo\/nocebo effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying patient behavior may help identify the most appropriate therapeutic approach and treatment schedule to optimize adherence and outcomes in individual patients with UC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:08:39Z","timestamp":1750309719000},"page":"4351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What the Patient Thinks and What the Patient Does: Placebo, Nocebo, and Therapy Adherence in Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Ribichini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Burrelli Scotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Di Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Scalese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carola","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1350-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Vernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.001","article-title":"AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"167","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-01035-7","article-title":"Understanding the therapeutic toolkit for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Vieujean","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"CD000544","article-title":"Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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