{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:25:32Z","timestamp":1760059532720,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) suffer from a relevant burden of abdominal pain and psychological distress that can aggravate postoperatively. While systematic strategies for postoperative pain management are lacking, the potential benefit of perioperative epidural analgesia (EDA) in CD patients is unclear. Methods: All patients receiving an ileocecal resection due to CD at a tertiary hospital were included. The impact of epidural versus non-epidural analgesia on postoperative pain perception was evaluated by analyzing the numeric rating scale (NRS), analgesic consumption, and clinical outcomes. Results: In this monocentric study, 172 patients receiving ileocecal resection due to CD were included, with 122 receiving EDA. The epidural pain catheters were kept for an average of 4.4 days (\u00b11.3) before being removed. EDA resulted in significantly decreased pain as well as a decreased amount of analgesic consumption (adjuvant analgesics: 16.4% vs. 32%, p = 0.021; strong opioids: 30.3% vs. 72.0%, p &lt; 0.001) at the early postoperative course (1 vs. 3 at rest and 2 vs. 4 movement-evoked, p &lt; 0.001). No difference in pain perception was detected on day 5 between EDA and non-EDA patients. Patients with EDA had a significantly longer length of hospital stay (7.5 versus 6 days, p = 0.002) and an increased intake of weak opioids at discharge (p = 0.024). Conclusions: While EDA in CD patients resulted in significantly decreased pain and decreased amounts of analgesic adjuvants and strong opioids at the early postoperative course, intravenous and oral analgesia provide sufficient postoperative pain control after surgery and earlier patient autonomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T03:05:27Z","timestamp":1750388727000},"page":"4383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding the Perioperative Perception of Pain in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease: Epidural Versus Non-Epidural Analgesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6447-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Pistorius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Widder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Sabisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Maatouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph-Thomas","family":"Germer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Meybohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5705-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Flemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab029","article-title":"The Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe in 2020","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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