{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:31:16Z","timestamp":1778661076084,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gait abnormalities in advanced knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are characterized by decreased stride length, walking speed, and cadence. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is intended to improve temporal\u2013spatial gait parameters; however, the extent and timing of functional recovery remain under investigation. To assess changes in stride length, walking speed, and cadence following TKA in short- and long-term perspectives, and to compare outcomes with a non-operated KOA cohort. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 46 patients with unilateral KOA (grades III\u2013IV, Kellgren\u2013Lawrence scale) who underwent cemented TKA via a medial parapatellar approach. Group I (n = 34) was assessed one day prior to surgery and six weeks postoperatively. Group II (n = 12), a follow-up subset, was reassessed 1.5 years postoperatively. Group III (n = 34) served as a non-operated control group, assessed only preoperatively. Temporal\u2013spatial gait parameters were evaluated under standardized conditions using a two-dimensional video analysis (Kinovea\u00ae software version 0.8.27). Stride length (m) and walking speed (m\/s) were assessed during continuous walking along a 15 m corridor, with at least three valid gait cycles averaged per trial. Cadence (steps\/min) was determined during a one-minute walk and verified frame-by-frame. No structured outpatient physiotherapy was provided; all patients followed a standardized in-hospital rehabilitation protocol. Results: In Group I, the mean stride length increased from 0.40 \u00b1 0.10 m to 0.42 \u00b1 0.10 m (p = 0.247), walking speed improved from 0.41 \u00b1 0.027 m\/s to 0.47 \u00b1 0.022 m\/s (p = 0.063), and cadence increased significantly from 72.9 \u00b1 7.8 to 77.1 \u00b1 8.6 steps\/min (p = 0.044). In Group II, the mean stride length rose from 0.39 \u00b1 0.10 m to 0.52 \u00b1 0.09 m (p &lt; 0.001), walking speed improved from 0.44 \u00b1 0.02 m\/s to 0.69 \u00b1 0.01 m\/s (p &lt; 0.001), and cadence increased from 73.7 \u00b1 8.8 to 103.6 \u00b1 7.4 steps\/min (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to the control group (Group III: stride length 0.42 \u00b1 0.09 m; walking speed 0.41 \u00b1 0.02 m\/s; cadence 73.9 \u00b1 7.9 steps\/min), Group II demonstrated superior values across all parameters (p &lt; 0.001 for each comparison). No significant correlations were observed between BMI and gait outcomes. Conclusions: Total knee arthroplasty resulted in progressive improvement in temporal\u2013spatial gait parameters. While early postoperative gains were limited, substantial functional restoration was observed at long-term follow-up, emphasizing the importance of extended recovery monitoring in post-TKA evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:33:25Z","timestamp":1750995205000},"page":"4548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Temporal\u2013Spatial Parameters of Gait After Total Knee Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Szczypi\u00f3r-Piasecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Adamczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Group for Orthopedic Rehabilitation and Manual Therapy at the Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Ko\u0142odziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Zi\u0119tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous Knee Surgery Unit, Pomeranian Medical University, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Perry, J., and Burnfield, J.M. 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