{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:01:43Z","timestamp":1793037703216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutical"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients is unknown. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed IBD in SpA patients, including those with axial spondylarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Additionally, we examined fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in relation to the accuracy of IBD diagnosis. Methods: EISER was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational, rheumatologist\u2013gastroenterologist collaborative study. Patients with SpA na\u00efve to biologics were recruited. Demographic and clinical characteristics, disease activity, and treatment information were collected. Patients with FC \u2265 80 \u00b5g\/g or IBD-related symptoms underwent a colonoscopy or video capsule endoscopy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the predictive value of FC for IBD diagnosis. Results: Of the 570 patients recruited, 494 were evaluable for the main outcome, 248 (50.2%) had axSpA, and 246 (49.8%) had PsA. Overall, 28\/494 patients were diagnosed with IBD (5.7%, 95%CI 3.6\u20137.7). Sorted by clinical entity, 22 (8.9%, 95%CI 5.3\u201312.4) axSpA and 6 (2.4%, 95%CI 0.5\u20134.4) PsA patients had a diagnosis of IBD: 24 (86%, 95%CI 79.4\u201392.6) had ileal\/ileocolonic Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), 3 (11%, 95%CI 5.1\u201316.9) unclassified IBD, and 1 (3.5%, 95%CI 0.0\u20136.9) ulcerative colitis. The ROC curve for FC and IBD diagnosis (AUC: 0.870, p &lt; 0.001, 95%CI 83.7\u201389.8) showed that an FC \u2265 147 \u00b5g\/g had a positive predictive value of 17.4% (95%CI 14.5\u201320.8) Conclusions: In SpA, the prevalence of undiagnosed IBD was 5.7%, higher in axSpA (8.9%) than in PsA (2.4%) patients, with CD being the most common. SpA patients with FC levels &lt; 147 \u00b5g\/g had a very low probability of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T13:06:17Z","timestamp":1751288777000},"page":"4569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Undiagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spondyloarthritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8740-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Sanz-Sanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Casbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital General Universitario de Dr. Balmis de Alicante Servicio Digestivo, ISABIAL y CIBERehd, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulema","family":"Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Reumatolog\u00eda, 28001 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Gratac\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Reumatolog\u00eda, Parc Taul\u00ed, Hospital Universitari, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iago","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Galdakao-Usansolo, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Biobizkaia, 48960 Galdakao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mar\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Trujillo-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Canarias, Calle Ofra s\/n, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0319-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"P\u00e9rez-Pamp\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Barreiro-de Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1306-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Vanesa","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Canarias, Calle Ofra s\/n, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Carrillo-Palau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Garc\u00eda-Vivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Basurto, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Villafranca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Basurto, 48013 Basurto, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lourdes","family":"Ladehesa-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Iglesias-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3089-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Merino-Argum\u00e1nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3896-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yago","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ar\u00e9valo-Salaet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Reumatolog\u00eda, Parc Taul\u00ed, Hospital Universitari, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6278-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Calvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Aparell Digestiu, Parc Taul\u00ed, Hospital Universitari, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica En Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4139-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"D\u00edaz-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Canarias, Calle Ofra s\/n, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatolog\u00eda y Psiquiatr\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","article-title":"The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general","volume":"70","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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