{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:26:38Z","timestamp":1791329198992,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this review was to analyze training interventions used and their effectiveness in improving pelvic floor muscle function related to urinary continence in postmenopausal women. We then characterized the recommended pelvic floor muscle training programs used in experimental studies based on four training components: frequency, intensity, duration, and type of pelvic floor muscle exercise. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a literature review of works published up until the end of 2024, available in the Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text databases. We used the keywords \u201cpelvic floor muscle\u201d, \u201ctraining\u201d, and \u201cpostmenopausal women\u201d. Initially, we identified 205 articles published between 1997 and 2024. Then, based on specific criteria, we qualified 15 for analysis. Results: Thirteen studies included only PFMT, while three of them combined PFMT with other physical activity. In two studies, training was conducted in the form of a virtual video game using a pressure platform. We have noted that researchers most often use a 1 h pad test, digital palpation, and surface electromyography to assess the function of pelvic floor muscles. In improving pelvic floor muscle function related to urinary incontinence, 14 out of the 15 analyzed studies showed improvement. In only eight of the fifteen articles, researchers characterized all components of the implemented PFMT that enable full replication of the training intervention. In four of the studies, only one of the required components, namely intensity, was missing. The recommended number of training sessions was 2 to 7 per week, on average 3 \u00b1 2 (M \u00b1 SD). Training interventions lasted from 2 to 24 weeks, on average 10 \u00b1 6 weeks. Conclusions: Regardless of the chosen form of training intervention, PFMT is an effective method in improving the function of pelvic floor muscles in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T10:03:27Z","timestamp":1751882607000},"page":"4800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Training Interventions Used in Postmenopausal Women to Improve Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Related to Urinary Continence\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Piernicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Labun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-5697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szumilewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3123-4","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Bo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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