{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:09:07Z","timestamp":1785190147240,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare","award":["20FC1031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1031"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare","award":["24K12822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12822"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","award":["20FC1031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1031"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","award":["24K12822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12822"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Klippel\u2013Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital vascular malformation syndrome characterized by low-flow vascular anomalies, including venous malformation (VM) and lymphatic involvement. These anomalies may lead to limb asymmetry due to soft tissue and\/or bone overgrowth. Compression therapy using elastic garments is considered a conservative and minimally invasive first-line treatment option for KTS. However, the benefits of compression therapy for low-flow vascular malformations, particularly limb VMs, have not been sufficiently evaluated. This prospective, multi-center study assessed the efficacy and safety of compression therapy for KTS with VM. Methods: After measuring the affected limb, a custom-made elastic garment providing 30 mmHg of compression was manufactured (THUASNE, France). A total of 20 patients (7 male, 13 female; mean age: 10.9 years) underwent compression therapy for 26 weeks at four nationwide institutions in Japan. The primary outcome was the change in lower limb circumference. Secondary outcomes included pain, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, body water content, vital signs, changes in garment elasticity, and adverse events. Results: All 20 patients completed the study. At the study endpoint, the circumference ratio of the affected to unaffected limbs was significantly reduced at the superior end of the tibial tuberosity (p = 0.02) and the thinnest part of the ankle (p &lt; 0.001). The elastic force of the garment declined by approximately 50% over 26 weeks. No serious adverse events related to the intervention were reported. Conclusions: Compression therapy using a custom-made elastic garment appears to be a safe and effective approach for managing limb overgrowth in patients with KTS and VM. To maintain the therapeutic effect, garment replacement is recommended at least every six months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:19:27Z","timestamp":1751887167000},"page":"4808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Multi-Institutional Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Wearing a Custom-Made Compression Elastic Garment for 6 Months for Klippel\u2013Trenaunay Syndrome with Venous Malformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miho","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadanori","family":"Akita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima 779-3125, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumio","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0152, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0321-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aichi Children\u2019s Health and Medical Center, Obu 474-8710, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Yuzuriha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1258\/026835507782655209","article-title":"Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: Current management","volume":"22","author":"Gloviczki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12826","article-title":"Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome belongs to the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS)","volume":"25","author":"Vahidnezhad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. 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