{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T19:43:45Z","timestamp":1788637425740,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2023, the VAS international working group on Buerger\u2019s Disease (BD) recommended two diagnostic criteria based on a prior Delphi study: \u201cdefinitive\u201d and \u201csuspected\u201d. The \u201cdefinitive\u201d criteria are history of smoking, typical angiography, and typical histopathological features. All three features are mandatory to confirm a \u201cdefinitive\u201d diagnosis of BD. The conundrum is\u2014what features should be considered typical of BD angiography? According to this review, segmental occlusion of infrapopliteal arteries, corkscrew collaterals that appear to continue the occluded arterial segment (Martorell\u2019s sign) or bypass the segmental occlusion, absence of atherosclerotic plaque or aneurysm could differentiate BD from ASO. Hence, for \u201ctypical\u201d BD angiography, these manifestations should certainly be considered. However, data for differentiating angiography patterns of BD from the small- and medium-sized vasculitis including Behcet\u2019s disease, scleroderma, hepatitis associated vasculitis, and anti-phospholipid syndrome are limited. Further studies for investigating the angiography pattern in BD patients in early and late presentation of BD, particularly in the patients with long-term follow up, are highly recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14144841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1751975887000},"page":"4841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Angiography Pattern of Buerger\u2019s Disease: Challenges and Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahare","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Association of Patients of Buerger\u2019s Disease (Buerger\u2019s Disease NGO), Mashhad 9183785197, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Poredos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Vascular Diseases, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Portiuncula University Hospital, Saolta University Healthcare Group, H53 T971 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abul Hasan Muhammad","family":"Bashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Vascular Diseases, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariella","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Inter-University Research Center on Vascular Disease, L. 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