{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:48:47Z","timestamp":1785908927089,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea University and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)","award":["RS-2024-00336696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00336696"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a remote electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program during an early postoperative period in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: Five days after cardiac surgery, patients were referred to a CR department and participated in a low-intensity inpatient CR program while wearing an ECG monitoring device. Prior to discharge, the patients underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and squat endurance test to determine the suitable intensity and target heart rate (HR) for home-based CR (HBCR). During 2 weeks of the HBCR period after discharge, patients participated in aerobic and resistance exercises. Electrocardiogram data were transmitted to a cloud, where researchers closely monitored them through a website and provided feedback to the patients via telephone calls. Grip strength (GS), 6 min walk distance (6 MWD), EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36), and Korean Activity Scale\/Index (KASI) were measured at three different time points: 5 d post-surgery (T1), pre-discharge (T2), and 2 weeks after discharge (T3). Squat endurance tests and CPET were performed only at T2 and T3. Result: Sixteen patients completed the study, seven (44%) of whom underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). During the study period between T2 and T3, peak VO2 improved from 12.39 \u00b1 0.57 to 17.93 \u00b1 1.25 mL\/kg\/min (p &lt; 0.01). The squat endurance test improved from 16.69 \u00b1 2.31 to 21.81 \u00b1 2.31 (p &lt; 0.01). In a comparison of values of time points between T1 and T3, the GS improved from 28.30 \u00b1 1.66 to 30.40 \u00b1 1.70 kg (p = 0.02) and 6 MWD increased from 249.33 \u00b1 20.92 to 387.02 \u00b1 22.77 m (p &lt; 0.01). The EQ-5D and SF-36 improved from 0.59 \u00b1 0.03 to 0.82 \u00b1 0.03 (p &lt; 0.01) and from 83.99 \u00b1 3.40 to 122.82 \u00b1 6.06 (p &lt; 0.01), and KASI improved from 5.44 \u00b1 0.58 to 26.11 \u00b1 2.70 (p &lt; 0.01). In a subgroup analysis, the CABG group demonstrated a greater increase in 6 MWD (102.29 m, p &lt; 0.01) than the non-CABG group. At the end of the study, 75% of the patients expressed satisfaction with the early CR program guided by remote ECG monitoring. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that early remote ECG monitoring-based CR programs are safe and feasible for patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. Additionally, the program improved aerobic capacity, functional status, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14144887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:26:37Z","timestamp":1752233197000},"page":"4887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feasibility and Safety of Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Remote Electrocardiogram Monitoring in Patients with Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yeon Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Ryun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Bom","family":"Pyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5254-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Sung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Statistics Korea (2024, March 18). 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