{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:02:28Z","timestamp":1787932948371,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acinetobacter, specifically A. baumannii, are becoming a great threat to hospitalized patients due to increasing antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and outcome of Acinetobacter infections in pediatric cancer patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in Poland. Methods: A total of 125 episodes of Acinetobacter species infections were reported in patients &lt;18 years treated in Polish pediatric hematology and oncology centers over a period from 2012 to 2023. Infections were subdivided into oncohematological disease (OHD) group (n = 106; 84.8%) and HSCT group (n = 19; 15.2%). Each episode represented a separate infection event; therefore, a patient who was infected more than once during the course of treatment was counted for each infection episode. Results: A. baumannii is the most common Acinetobacter species in all groups. The most common diagnoses in OHD group were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 32; 30.2%) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 13; 12.3%). The most common underlying diseases that were indication for HSCT were hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (n = 3; 15.8%) and neuroblastoma (n = 3; 15.8%). Mortality was significantly higher in the HSCT group compared to the OHD group. In the OHD group, deaths did not correlate with the type of antibiotic, with an exception for gentamicin, which correlated with higher mortality. In the HSCT group, deaths did not correlate with the type of antibiotic, except for levofloxacin that was correlated with a higher mortality rate. Conclusions: Acinetobacter infections are a great danger to immunocompromised patients. More research is needed in order to prevent and treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14144928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1752241459000},"page":"4928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Analysis of Acinetobacter Species Infections in Children and Adolescents Treated for Cancer or Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Multicenter Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Truszkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Czy\u017cewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7239-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Derwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5467-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Jaremek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Grochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Zalas-Wi\u0119cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pawi\u0144ska-W\u0105sikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Czoga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6867-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Skocze\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walentyna","family":"Balwierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Salamonowicz-Bodzioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Ka\u0142wak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kr\u00f3lak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Ociepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Urasi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Pierlejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Sporna 36\/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Sporna 36\/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5519-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Zdunek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Sporna 36\/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"M\u0142ynarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Sporna 36\/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3376-5432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Gryniewicz-Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"\u0141ukszo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3845-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u017cenna","family":"Dembowska-Bagi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szmydki-Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Hutnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0475-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Minkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u0141aguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"P\u0142onowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryna","family":"Krawczuk-Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Brzeski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Divison of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialised Children\u2019s Hospital, \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Mycko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Divison of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialised Children\u2019s Hospital, \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Badowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Divison of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialised Children\u2019s Hospital, \u017bo\u0142nierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weronika","family":"Stolpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 16, 40\u2013752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Baranowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 16, 40\u2013752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1984-5527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mizia-Malarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 16, 40\u2013752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Bie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, D\u0119binki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninela","family":"Irga-Jaworska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, D\u0119binki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wioletta","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Chaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Urbanek-D\u0105dela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital, Artwi\u0144skiego 3a, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Karolczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital, Artwi\u0144skiego 3a, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Paj\u0105k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Chorzow City Hospital, W\u0142adys\u0142awa Truchana 7, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Chorzow City Hospital, W\u0142adys\u0142awa Truchana 7, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Machnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Chorzow City Hospital, W\u0142adys\u0142awa Truchana 7, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Styczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8836-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Zaj\u0105c-Spycha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27\/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C.R., Lee, J.H., Park, 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