{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:35:46Z","timestamp":1772120146151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Autoimmune liver diseases (ALDs) are a diverse group of chronic inflammatory disorders. Individuals with a history of one autoimmune disease (AD) are at a substantially increased risk of developing additional autoimmune conditions. Polyautoimmunity has increasingly been recognized as a factor associated with a more complex disease course and poorer long-term outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional observational study reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with ALDs who had been admitted to the gastroenterology clinic. Results: A total of 457 patients with ALDs were included. Polyautoimmunity was present in 194 patients (42.5%), and multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) was diagnosed in 26 of these patients (5.7%). Serological comparisons revealed that antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity was significantly more common in the polyautoimmunity group. Only 22.2% of the patients with polyautoimmunity were ANA-negative, compared with 52.9% in those without. An ROC curve analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of clinical and laboratory variables for polyautoimmunity. Among all the tested parameters, ANA positivity (&gt;+2) had the strongest predictive value (AUC: 0.724). A disease duration longer than 6.5 years followed, with a moderate discriminative capacity (AUC: 0.677). Additionally, lower albumin levels (&lt;3.0 g\/dL) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) (&gt;29.5 mm\/h) were significantly associated with polyautoimmunity. Conclusions: In our cohort, 42.5% of patients had at least one additional autoimmune disorder, highlighting the need for a systemic and comprehensive approach to patient care. Simple and accessible markers\u2014such as ANA titers, disease duration, albumin levels, and ESRs\u2014may help to identify patients at greater risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14145143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T09:33:53Z","timestamp":1753090433000},"page":"5143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Predictors of Polyautoimmunity in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Insights into Disease Complexity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7bey T\u00fcrker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5103-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclden","family":"Bilican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emra","family":"Asfuro\u011flu Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6488-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Atay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0130hsan","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0130rfan","family":"Soykan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.020","article-title":"Autoimmune liver disease, autoimmunity and liver transplantation","volume":"60","author":"Carbone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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