{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:19:50Z","timestamp":1782422390820,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gestational diabetes (GD), which affects approximately 15% of pregnancies worldwide, poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, underscoring the need for effective prevention and management strategies. This umbrella review aims to evaluate the role of probiotics in the prevention of GD. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A comprehensive literature search was performed in November 2024 across four databases: PubMed\/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL. A total of 307 articles were identified, of which 6 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results: Probiotic supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of GD in selected populations, particularly in women with a body mass index (BMI) &lt; 26, age &lt; 30 years [Relative Risk (RR): 0.58], and p &lt; 0.05 in the other studies included, alongside improvements in several metabolic parameters. However, consistent benefits on maternal or neonatal complications were not observed but a 33% reduction in GD was confirmed (RR 0.67). The combination of probiotics with healthy lifestyle behaviors appeared to exert a stronger protective effect against GD and its potential complications. Conclusions: This umbrella review suggests that probiotics\u2014particularly multi-strain formulations\u2014may have a potential role in reducing the risk of GD in certain populations. However, the findings across the included studies are inconsistent and sometimes conflicting. While probiotics are generally considered safe and have recognized benefits for metabolic health, their efficacy as an adjunct intervention for GD prevention remains not fully clear. Further well-designed research is needed to clarify which specific probiotic interventions may be effective and to better guide clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14145168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T13:59:11Z","timestamp":1753106351000},"page":"5168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Probiotics in Preventing Gestational Diabetes: An Umbrella Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Cosmai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3884-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Morales Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (DFSSN), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Chiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1214-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Cattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Mancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4490-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Gibellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Sguanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.O. Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Petrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine and \u201cStefania Scuri\u201d Public Health Department, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8523-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cangelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine and \u201cStefania Scuri\u201d Public Health Department, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Lopane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mazzoleni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12772","article-title":"Impact of the IADPSG criteria for gestational diabetes, and of obesity, on pregnancy outcomes","volume":"58","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. 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