{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:44:51Z","timestamp":1789523091501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"TUBITAK Directorate of Science Fellowships and Grant Programs (BIDEB)-2232 International Fellowship for Outstanding Researchers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["118C306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["118C306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) and depression are prevalent conditions affecting millions globally and are significantly associated with various demographic, health, and socio-economic factors. This study examines the associations between UI and depression over a 14-year period using nationwide data. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Turkish Health Studies Surveys conducted in seven different years between 2008 and 2022, including 125,276 participants aged 15 and older and excluding those with incomplete key health data. Variables included chronic conditions, BMI, depression severity (assessed by PHQ-8), socio-economic status, and lifestyle factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between UI and various risk factors over time. Results: The prevalence of UI and depression fluctuated over the 14 years, with a significant increase observed in 2014. Multivariate analysis confirmed a strong and consistent association between UI and depression across genders and age groups, even after adjusting for confounders. Higher depression severity increased the odds of experiencing UI. Age, multiple comorbidities, higher BMI, and lower socio-economic status were associated with an increased likelihood of UI. Obesity was a significant risk factor for UI in females but not in males. Urban living and higher education levels were inversely associated with UI. The simultaneous rise in UI and depression in 2014 may be linked to socio-economic changes during that period. Conclusions: The findings suggest a robust link between UI and depression, influenced by a complex interplay of health, demographic, and socio-economic factors, needing prospective studies to further investigate the causal pathway of these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1753267757000},"page":"5213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Association Between Urinary Incontinence and Depression Based on a Series of Large-Scale National Health Studies in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Furkan","family":"Dasdelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra Betul","family":"Dasdelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2931-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furkan","family":"Almas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beyza","family":"Cokkececi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Laguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"de la Rosette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Multi-Omics Design and Analysis Studio (MODAS-SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence Estimates of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Overactive Bladder, Urinary Incontinence and Bladder Outlet Obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Irwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.11.078","article-title":"Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Men, Women, and Children\u2014Current Evidence: Findings of the Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence","volume":"76","author":"Buckley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00232-8","article-title":"A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: The Norwegian EPINCONT Study","volume":"53","author":"Hannestad","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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