{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:54Z","timestamp":1760059974900,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PE_00000019","CUP E93C22001860006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE_00000019","CUP E93C22001860006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Continuous monitoring of hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT) during hemodialysis could improve fluid management and patient safety. The Fresenius 5008 dialysis machine includes an ultrasound-based sensor that estimates HB and HCT values, though its accuracy compared to standard laboratory measurements remains unclear. Methods: This exploratory observational study assessed the agreement between sensor-derived and laboratory-derived HB and HCT values in 20 patients at the start of hemodiafiltration. A total of 177 paired blood samples were collected. Results: Sensor values significantly underestimated laboratory HB (9.61 vs. 11.31 g\/dL) and HCT (27% vs. 34%) (p &lt; 8 \u00d7 10\u221225). Correlations were strong for both parameters (HB: r = 0.788; HCT: r = 0.876). Regression analyses revealed consistent proportional bias. Applying a fixed correction of +1.69 g\/dL for HB and +7.55% for HCT eliminated the statistical differences and reduced intercepts in regression models. Bland\u2013Altman plots confirmed improved agreement post-correction. Albumin levels correlated modestly with error magnitude. Conclusions: HB and HCT values from the Fresenius 5008 sensor are strongly correlated with laboratory data but are systematically underestimated at treatment start, likely due to hemodilution. Applying fixed correction factors improves accuracy and supports the sensor\u2019s use for real-time monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1753358333000},"page":"5242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Measurements from a Dialysis Machine Sensor Compared to Laboratory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0753-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Morisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9044-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Manzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Giovanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Stipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Olmeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ligabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7934-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia Maria","family":"Virz\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRRIV\u2014International Renal Research Institute Vicenza-Foundation, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Di Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8549-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00616.x","article-title":"Continuous On-Line Optical Absorbance Recording of Blood Volume Changes during Hemodialysis","volume":"17","author":"Mancini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artif. 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