{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:42Z","timestamp":1760059962503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"MINISTERIO DE LA CIENCIA E INNOVACI\u00d3N of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-115463RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-115463RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition in which executive function (EF) alterations have been reported, though strikingly, relationships between simple executive functions (EFs) (updating, inhibition, and mental flexibility) and high-order ones, such as planning and problem-solving, have not been addressed yet in this population. This research aimed to firstly explore how low-level EFs play a role in planning and problem-solving performances. Methods: Thirty FMS patients and thirty healthy participants completed a series of neuropsychological tests evaluating low- and high-order EFs. Clinical and emotional symptoms were assessed with self-report questionnaires, while pain and fatigue levels were measured with numerical scales. Importantly, specific drug restrictions were accounted for. Results: Patients scored lower in most neurocognitive tests, with statistical significance noted only for visuospatial working memory (WM) and two planning and problem-solving tests. Pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances showed important effects on most of the cognitive outcomes. Multiple regression analyses reflected that planning and problem-solving were successfully and partially predicted by updating, inhibition, and mental flexibility (though differences emerged between tasks). Conclusions: Our study confirms the presence of cognitive impairments in FMS, especially in high-order EFs, supporting patients\u2019 complaints. Clinical symptoms play a role in FMS dyscognition but do not explain it completely. For the first time, as far as the authors know, simple EF influences on planning and problem-solving tests have been described for FMS patients. These results might help in unraveling the dysexecutive profile in FMS to design more adjusted treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T11:38:41Z","timestamp":1753443521000},"page":"5263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Planning and Problem-Solving Impairments in Fibromyalgia: The Predictive Role of Updating, Inhibition, and Mental Flexibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Mart\u00edn-Plasencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-7016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Fernandes-Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0653-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Barjola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7339-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"del Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2819-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00cd\u00f1igo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation (NECODOR), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000054","article-title":"Cognition and Pain","volume":"8","author":"Moriarty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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