{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:35:20Z","timestamp":1792452920495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Syphilis, a re-emerging global public health issue, has shown increasing incidence over the past decade, particularly among key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), people living with HIV, and pregnant women. This narrative review aimed to synthesize global epidemiological trends of syphilis from 2015 to 2025, with a focus on surveillance gaps, regional disparities, and structural determinants. Methods: A broad narrative approach was used to collect and analyze epidemiological data from 2015 to 2025. The literature was retrieved from databases (PubMed, Scopus) and official reports from the WHO, CDC, and ECDC. Included materials span observational studies, surveillance reports, and modeling data relevant to global trends and public health responses. Results: Globally, syphilis incidence has increased, with notable surges in North America, Europe, and Asia. MSM remain disproportionately affected, while congenital syphilis is resurging even in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries report persistent burdens, especially among women of reproductive age, often exacerbated by limited screening and surveillance infrastructure. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted syphilis-related services and further exacerbated underreporting, hindering timely detection and response efforts. Surveillance systems vary widely in their completeness and quality, which significantly hinders global data comparability and coordinated public health responses. Conclusions: Despite its curability, syphilis continues to spread due to fragmented prevention strategies, inequities in access to care, and insufficient surveillance. Strengthening diagnostic access, integrating prevention efforts into broader health systems, and addressing social determinants are essential. Improved surveillance, equitable access, and innovation\u2014including diagnostics and potential vaccine research\u2014are critical to controlling the global syphilis epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T09:53:02Z","timestamp":1753696382000},"page":"5308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The Epidemiology of Syphilis Worldwide in the Last Decade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1655-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francois","family":"Rosset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Celoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Delmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Centre for Sexual Health (Ce.Mu.S.S.), Department of Prevention, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, 10149 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7386-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Mastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5121-4760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Sciamarrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Boskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0098-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Ribero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Quaglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K086","article-title":"Reexamining syphilis: An update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management","volume":"42","author":"Kent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. 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