{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:06:57Z","timestamp":1778569617409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anti-synthetase Syndrome (ASyS) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and inflammatory infiltrates in muscles. Sjogren\u2019s disease (SD) is an autoimmune condition primarily affecting exocrine glands. Both these conditions may present lung involvement. We describe a female patient with anti-synthetase\/SD overlap syndrome and review the literature to identify published cases describing this overlap, aiming to better define its clinical, radiological, and serological features. Methods: The case description was based on a retrospective collection of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data related to the patient\u2019s diagnostic process and clinical course. Data were anonymized and handled in accordance with the competent territorial Ethics Committee. A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE and Scopus databases by combining the keywords \u201cAnti-Synthetase syndrome\u201d, \u201cSj\u00f6gren disease\u201d, \u201cSj\u00f6gren syndrome\u201d, \u201cMyositis\u201d, and \u201cInterstitial lung disease\u201d (ILD). Published cases were selected if they met the 2016 EULAR\/ACR criteria for SD and at least one of the currently proposed classification criteria for ASyS. Results: The described case concerns a 68-year-old woman with rapidly progressive ILD. The diagnosis of anti-synthetase\/SD overlap syndrome was based on clinical, serological (anti-Ro52 and anti-PL7 antibodies), histological, and radiological findings. Despite immunosuppressive and antifibrotic treatment, the clinical course worsened, leading to a poor outcome. In addition, six relevant cases were identified in the literature. Clinical presentations, autoantibody profiles, radiological findings, and outcomes were highly heterogeneous. Among the reported cases, no standardized treatment protocols were adopted, reflecting the lack of consensus in managing this rare condition. Conclusions: In anti-synthetase\/SD overlap syndrome, ILD may follow a rapidly progressive course. Early recognition can be challenging, especially in the absence of muscular involvement. This case-based review highlights the need for more standardized approaches to the diagnosis and management of this rare and complex overlap syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1754380198000},"page":"5395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Co-Occurrence of Anti-Synthetase Syndrome and Sj\u00f6gren Disease: A Case-Based Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5531-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"D\u2019Avanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Nunzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Genovali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letizia Pia","family":"Di Corcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Taffon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9538-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Liakouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Navarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2808-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onorina","family":"Berardicurti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Antonelli Incalzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Operative Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/77.1.1019","article-title":"Polymyositis, Pulmonary Fibrosis and Autoantibodies to Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Enzymes","volume":"77","author":"Marguerie","year":"1990","journal-title":"QJM Int. 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