{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:18:07Z","timestamp":1793089087140,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome with increasing prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy have transformed its management. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the use of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, alongside selected use of angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitors. Emphasis is placed on early initiation of disease-modifying therapies, phenotypic tailoring, and comorbidity-targeted strategies, especially in obese and diabetic patients. Together, these approaches define a new era of guideline-directed, personalized care for patients with HFpEF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1754380198000},"page":"5406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Current Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology Division, ASST Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6682-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"D\u2019Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo M.","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology Division, ASST Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Savarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Karolinska University Hospital, 17100 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2624-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Volterrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science and Medicine, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Senni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4846-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo M.","family":"Inciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Karolinska University Hospital, 17100 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2115","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure: A report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: Endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association","volume":"23","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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