{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T12:54:24Z","timestamp":1777121664545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) is a rare type of primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the lung with indolent behavior and a good prognosis. The main treatment strategy is surgery, the extent of which is controversial given the nature of the disease. The aim of this study is to assess whether the extent of resection influences survival and recurrence in patients undergoing lung resection and lymphadenectomy for TC and to investigate negative prognostic factors for OS. Methods: A single-centre retrospective study of 15 years\u2019 experience was conducted. Data from all patients who underwent lung resection and lymphadenectomy for TC were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: anatomical and non-anatomical resections. Perioperative and long-term oncological results were analyzed. Results: In total, 115 patients were surgically treated for TC, of whom 83 (72%) underwent anatomical resection and 32 (28%) non-anatomical resection. Univariate analyses showed that age, left lower lobe, and many comorbidities had a detrimental effect on OS, whereas on multivariate analysis, only left lower lobe location and a high Charlson\u2013Deyo comorbidity index (CCI) were confirmed as negative prognostic factors for OS. At a median follow-up of 93 months (IQR 57-129), the OS survival curves show a slightly lower trend for non-anatomical resections (p 0.152), while no differences were found for DFS. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that in selected patients at risk for major resections, non-anatomical resection can be used to treat TC when R0 is achievable. These data, together with evidence from the literature, highlight the importance of patient-centred care in this rare disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T08:46:55Z","timestamp":1754383615000},"page":"5488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surgical Management of Pulmonary Typical Carcinoids: A Single-Centre Experience Comparing Anatomical and Non-Anatomical Resections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelina Cristina","family":"Zirafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9932-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Manfredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizia","family":"Calabr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Al\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Melfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Davini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00943-2","article-title":"Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: Recent progress and persistent challenges","volume":"35","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. 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