{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:00:30Z","timestamp":1790647230787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ulisse Biomed S.p.A"},{"name":"Copan Italia S.p.A."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cervical cancer ranks among the most prevalent tumors in low-income countries, with the Pap test as one of the primary screening tools. The Pap smear detects abnormal cells, the CLART test identifies specific HPV genotypes, and HPV self-sampling allows for self-collected HPV testing. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the first smartphone-based health device for home-collection HPV testing. Methods: Enrolled patients during the gynecological examination underwent three different samplings: Pap smear, HPV DNA genotyping test CLART, and vaginal HPV-Selfy swab. Each patient received a kit including an activation code, vaginal swab, and instructions. After performing the self-sample, patients returned the kit to our laboratory. Both the samples collected by the gynecologist and those collected by the patients themselves were analyzed. Results: A total of 277 patients were enrolled, with 226 self-collected swabs received for analysis. The assay yielded valid results for both self-collected and clinician-collected swabs in 190 patients. When comparing these results with paired clinician-taken vaginal swabs, we observed an agreement of 95.2% (Cohen\u2019s Kappa: 0.845). We report an agreement of 93.7% (Cohen\u2019s Kappa: 0.798). Conclusions: The study demonstrated the feasibility of HPV-Selfy as a complementary tool in cervical cancer screening, especially where adherence to traditional surveillance is low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T10:07:38Z","timestamp":1754561258000},"page":"5569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Use of Self-Sampling Devices via a Smartphone Application to Encourage Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Plotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2474-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ficarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecological Unit, Department of Woman\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Fais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"De Cicco Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Montera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Luvero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4083-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianna Barbara","family":"Cundari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Avian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology PhD Study Program, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0666-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santina","family":"Castriciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copan Italia Spa, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Angeletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Ciccozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Angioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Gynaecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00501-0","article-title":"Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: A baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview","volume":"149","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.25259\/CMAS_03_03_2021","article-title":"The \u2018Why and How\u2019 of Cervical Cancers and Genital HPV Infection","volume":"19","author":"Bhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytojournal"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-1417","article-title":"Offering Self-Sampling Kits for HPV Testing to Reach Women Who Do Not Attend in the Regular Cervical Cancer Screening Program","volume":"24","author":"Arbyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27790","article-title":"High-risk HPV testing on self-sampled versus clinician-collected specimens: A review on the clinical accuracy and impact on population attendance in cervical cancer screening","volume":"132","author":"Snijders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-017-0123-z","article-title":"Randomized trial evaluating self-sampling for HPV DNA based tests for cervical cancer screening in Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Modibbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Agent Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03882-5","article-title":"Clinical validation of full HR-HPV genotyping HPV Selfy assay according to the international guidelines for HPV test requirements for cervical cancer screening on clinician-collected and self-collected samples","volume":"21","author":"Avian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.5965","article-title":"Clinician and Patient Acceptability of Self-Collected Human Papillomavirus Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening","volume":"26","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5469","article-title":"Acceptability and Feasibility of Human Papilloma Virus Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening","volume":"25","author":"Ilangovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.02.026","article-title":"Acceptability of self-collected versus provider-collected sampling for HPV DNA testing among women in rural El Salvador","volume":"126","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obs."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbatha, J.N., Galappaththi-Arachchige, H.N., Mtshali, A., Taylor, M., Ndhlovu, P.D., Kjetland, E.F., Baay, M.F.D., and Mkhize-Kwitshana, Z.L. (2017). Self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing among rural young women of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Res. Notes, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-3045-3"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e31826b7b70","article-title":"Feasibility of community-based careHPV for cervical cancer prevention in rural Thailand","volume":"17","author":"Trope","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Low. Genit. Tract Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-016-0189-3","article-title":"Collaborative to Improve Native Cancer Outcomes (CINCO). Assessing Acceptability of Self-Sampling Kits, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection in American Indian Women","volume":"41","author":"Winer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reisner, S.L., Deutsch, M.B., Peitzmeier, S.M., White Hughto, J.M., Cavanaugh, T.P., Pardee, D.J., McLean, S.A., Panther, L.A., Gelman, M., and Mimiaga, M.J. (2018). Test performance and acceptability of self- versus provider-collected swabs for high-risk HPV DNA testing in female-to-male trans masculine patients. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190172"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13258","article-title":"Accuracy of self-collected human papillomavirus samples from Japanese women with abnormal cervical cytology","volume":"43","author":"Aiko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Obs. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141315625702","article-title":"HPV self-sampling in Japanese women: A feasibility study in a population with limited experience of tampon use","volume":"23","author":"Hanley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Screen."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181812cf0","article-title":"Women in the Netherlands prefer self-sampling with a novel lavaging device to clinician collection of specimens for cervical cancer screening","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"205","article-title":"Acceptability of cervical and anal HPV self-sampling in a sample of Hispanic women in Puerto Rico","volume":"31","author":"Ortiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"P. R. Health Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-017-0460-2","article-title":"Acceptability of Self-Sample Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Thai Women Visiting a Colposcopy Clinic","volume":"43","author":"Phoolcharoen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"883","article-title":"To what extent will women accept HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening? A qualitative study conducted in Switzerland","volume":"7","author":"Fargnoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405272","article-title":"Barriers to acceptance of self-sampling for human papillomavirus across ethnolinguistic groups of women","volume":"100","author":"Howard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003743","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003743","article-title":"HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: A systematic review of values and preferences","volume":"6","author":"Nishimura","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2024, April 28). Statista. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/330695\/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide\/."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2024, April 28). International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS). Available online: https:\/\/ipvsoc.org\/news\/fight-hpv-free-social-gaming-app\/."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.11.023","article-title":"Usability Evaluation of the Novel Smartphone Application, HPV Vaccine: Same Way, Same Day, Among Pediatric Residents","volume":"21","author":"Real","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodall, W.G., Zimet, G., Kong, A., Buller, D., Reither, J., Chilton, L., Myers, V., and Starling, R. (2021). Vacteens.org: A Mobile Web app to Improve HPV Vaccine Uptake. Front. Digit. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.693688"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2024, April 28). Genomica. Available online: https:\/\/genomica-cp701.wordpresstemporal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/CLART-Hpv4-INGLES.pdf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2114","article-title":"Forum Group Members; Bethesda 2001 Workshop. The 2001 Bethesda System: Terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology","volume":"287","author":"Solomon","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"CD008587","article-title":"Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population","volume":"8","author":"Koliopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrysostomou, A.C., Stylianou, D.C., Constantinidou, A., and Kostrikis, L.G. (2018). Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120729"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.11.022","article-title":"Offering self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing to non-attendees of the cervical screening programme: Characteristics of the responders","volume":"48","author":"Heideman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tranberg, M., Bech, B.H., Blaak\u00e6r, J., Jensen, J.S., Svanholm, H., and Andersen, B. (2018). Preventing cervical cancer using HPV self-sampling: Direct mailing of test-kits increases screening participation more than timely opt-in procedures\u2014A randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4165-4"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.510","article-title":"Vaginal self-sampling is a cost-effective way to increase participation in a cervical cancer screening programme: A randomised trial","volume":"111","author":"Haguenoer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2009.009073","article-title":"Barriers to cervical cancer screening attendance in England: A population-based survey","volume":"16","author":"Waller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Screen."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22114","article-title":"Nonattendance is still the main limitation for the effectiveness of screening for cervical cancer in the Netherlands","volume":"119","author":"Bos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, F., Mullins, R., English, D.R., Simpson, J.A., Drennan, K.T., Heley, S., Wrede, C.D., Brotherton, J.M., Saville, M., and Gertig, D.M. (2015). Women\u2019s experience with home-based self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1804-x"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"597","article-title":"Emerging role of HPV self-sampling in cervical cancer screening for hard-to-reach women: Focused literature review","volume":"63","author":"Madzima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S56307","article-title":"Education efforts may contribute to wider acceptance of human papillomavirus self-sampling","volume":"7","author":"Crofts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.10.012","article-title":"Accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening","volume":"113","author":"Sauvaget","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol Obs."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.019","article-title":"Overview of human papillomavirus-based and other novel options for cervical cancer screening in developed and developing countries","volume":"26","author":"Cuzick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00294-7","article-title":"Accuracy and effectiveness of HPV mRNA testing in cervical cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Arbyn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tranberg, M., Jensen, J.S., Bech, B.H., Blaak\u00e6r, J., Svanholm, H., and Andersen, B. (2018). Good concordance of HPV detection between cervico-vaginal self-samples and general practitioner-collected samples using the Cobas 4800 HPV DNA test. BMC Infect. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3254-y"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2019.04.012","article-title":"Comparison of urine, self-collected vaginal swab, and cervical swab samples for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) with Roche Cobas HPV, Anyplex II HPV, and RealTime HR-S HPV assay","volume":"269","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, L.W., Khurshed, F., van Niekerk, D.J., Krajden, M., Greene, S.B., Hobbs, S., Coldman, A.J., Franco, E.L., and Ogilvie, G.S. (2014). Women\u2019s intentions to self-collect samples for human papillomavirus testing in an organized cervical cancer screening program. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1060"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FUTURE II Study Group (2007). Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions. N. Engl. J. Med., 356, 1915\u20131927.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061741"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"805","article-title":"IARC Multi-centre Cervical Cancer Study Group. Smoking and cervical cancer: Pooled analysis of the IARC multi-centric case--control study","volume":"14","author":"Plummer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/15\/5569\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:25:19Z","timestamp":1760034319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/15\/5569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14155569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14155569","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]}}}