{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:21:33Z","timestamp":1770042093216,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2024-00352326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00352326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past two decades, interest in minimally invasive scoliosis surgery (MISS) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has grown substantially, driven by advancements in growth-based surgical techniques. Given the substantial advancements in MISS for AIS, investigating the bibliometric data of the scientific literature is crucial to understanding the current research trend and providing valuable insights into its future directions. However, limited information on MISS for AIS exists in the literature. The publication data related to MISS for AIS from 2004 to 2024 were exported from the Web of Science. The research output between 2004 and 2024 was 373 for publication volume, 7760 for citations, and 46 for h-index. The annual publication and citation trend over time showed a gradual increase with fluctuations up until 2017, followed by a sharp upward trend starting in 2018. The foremost countries and affiliations in this field were the United States and Montreal University in Canada, respectively. The top 10 most-cited articles on MISS in AIS predominantly focused on the topic of vertebral body tethering (VBT). Among the productive authors, most contributions were focused on VBT, while several authors in South Korea significantly contributed to the study of MISS via a posterior approach. Historical development of VBT and posterior MISS identified their current advantages and limitations and highlighted potential future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T14:32:36Z","timestamp":1754922756000},"page":"5676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comprehensive and Historical Review of Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of Research Trends and Hotspots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung-in Regional Military Manpower Administration, Suwon 16440, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyuk","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungwook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Woo","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15030","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03665-0","article-title":"Effects of spinal deformities on lung development in children: A review","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e530","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000746","article-title":"Factors in Surgical Decision Making for Thoracolumbar\/Lumbar AIS: It\u2019s About More Than Just the Curve Magnitude","volume":"37","author":"Souder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2023.0408","article-title":"Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is the Feasible Option of Minimally Invasive Surgery using Posterior Approach?","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004011","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Versus Standard Surgery in Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Comparative Study","volume":"46","author":"Sarwahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S.C., Son, S.W., Yang, J.H., Chang, D.G., Suh, S.W., Nam, Y., and Kim, H.J. (2022). Novel Surgical Technique for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195847"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07448-9","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Mariscal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00806-7","article-title":"Vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A review","volume":"12","author":"Alasadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00312","article-title":"Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering: A Review of the Available Evidence","volume":"32","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05254-1","article-title":"A comparison of patients receiving vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the public and private hospital setting","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06172-1","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive scoliosis surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A retrospective case series of 84 patients","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000472","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: Two-year results","volume":"39","author":"Samdani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01728","article-title":"Growth modulation by means of anterior tethering resulting in progressive correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: A case report","volume":"92","author":"Crawford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3706-z","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: One-year results on the first 32 patients","volume":"24","author":"Samdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00287","article-title":"Anterior Spinal Growth Tethering for Skeletally Immature Patients with Scoliosis: A Retrospective Look Two to Four Years Postoperatively","volume":"100","author":"Newton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0442-7","article-title":"Analysis and simulation of progressive adolescent scoliosis by biomechanical growth modulation","volume":"16","author":"Stokes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01176","article-title":"Anterior Spinal Growth Modulation in Skeletally Immature Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparison with Posterior Spinal Fusion at 2 to 5 Years Postoperatively","volume":"102","author":"Newton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816950a0","article-title":"Spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature bovine model: Disc health and motion preservation","volume":"33","author":"Newton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c6dff5","article-title":"Vertebral body stapling: A fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"35","author":"Betz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01424","article-title":"Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model","volume":"90","author":"Newton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000218662.78165.b1","article-title":"Mechanical modulation of vertebral growth in the fusionless treatment of progressive scoliosis in an experimental model","volume":"31","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002619","article-title":"Incidence of Tether Breakage in Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering","volume":"44","author":"Cahill","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000777","article-title":"Biomechanical simulation and analysis of scoliosis correction using a fusionless intravertebral epiphyseal device","volume":"40","author":"Clin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00849","article-title":"Anterior Vertebral Body Growth-Modulation Tethering in Idiopathic Scoliosis: Surgical Technique","volume":"28","author":"Parent","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10225536221137753","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536221137753","article-title":"Minimum 3-year experience with vertebral body tethering for treating scoliosis: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-6-16","article-title":"Minimally invasive scoliosis surgery: An innovative technique in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"6","author":"Sarwahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherian, D., Samdani, A.F., Sch\u00fcpper, A.J., Stein, A.A., Naseer, Z., Pahys, J.M., Nice, E., and Hwang, S.W. (2023). Early outcomes in hybrid fixation for idiopathic scoliosis: Posterior fusion combined with anterior vertebral body tethering. Patient series. J. Neurosurg. Case Lessons, 6.","DOI":"10.3171\/CASE23331"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1426-0","article-title":"The effect of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in the treatment of skeleton immature posttraumatic genu angular deformity: A retrospective study of 27 cases","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-024-06254-w","article-title":"The true history of the Hueter-Volkmann law","volume":"48","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.24.00394","article-title":"Vertebral Body Tethering in an Adult With Lumbar Idiopathic Scoliosis: Rationale and 6-Year Outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Markowitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1002-7","article-title":"Relative anterior spinal overgrowth in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis--result of disproportionate endochondral-membranous bone growth? Summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-16","article-title":"Biomechanical spinal growth modulation and progressive adolescent scoliosis--a test of the \u2018vicious cycle\u2019 pathogenetic hypothesis: Summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE","volume":"1","author":"Stokes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70098","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70098","article-title":"Effect of Vertebral Body Tether Tensioning on Vertebral Body Growth Modulation","volume":"8","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003373","article-title":"How Do Patients Perceive Success and Satisfaction After Vertebral Body Tethering and Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? A Qualitative Study","volume":"483","author":"Royse","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00992","article-title":"Trunk Range of Motion and Patient Outcomes After Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Versus Posterior Spinal Fusion: Comparison Using Computerized 3D Motion Capture Technology","volume":"104","author":"Pahys","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lott, C., Capraro, A., Qiu, C., Talwar, D., Gordon, J., Flynn, J.M., Anari, J.B., and Cahill, P.J. (2025). How Does Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Compare to Posterior Spinal Fusion for Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis? A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003575"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.107B7.BJJ-2025-0073.R1","article-title":"The perioperative complications of vertebral body tethering: Prevalence and predictive factors","volume":"107-B","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07321-9","article-title":"The timing of tether breakage influences clinical results after VBT","volume":"31","author":"Baroncini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trobisch, P., Migliorini, F., Vanspauwen, T., and Baroncini, A. (2022). Pulmonary Complications after Vertebral Body Tethering: Incidence, Treatment, Outcomes and Risk Factor Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133778"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000106","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Surgery in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is it Better than the Standard Approach? A 2-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"29","author":"Sarwahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004752","article-title":"Single Long-Incision Minimally Invasive Surgery","volume":"49","author":"Sarwahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.03.053","article-title":"Learning Curve for Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"175","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2244646.323","article-title":"The Accuracy and Safety of a Pedicle Screw Using the Freehand Technique in Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery","volume":"20","author":"Nam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1476-3","article-title":"The top 100 most cited articles on total hip arthroplasty: A bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/16\/5676\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:24:50Z","timestamp":1760034290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/16\/5676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14165676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14165676","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]}}}