{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:45:23Z","timestamp":1767624323088,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Umbilical cord pH is used as a predictor of risk for poor neurologic outcome in high-risk newborns. While data on neonates with severe acidemia show a strong association with birth asphyxia and long-term adverse outcomes, the significance of mild-to-moderate acidemia is less clear. This study aimed to investigate short-term outcomes of late preterm and term infants born with mild-to-moderate cord blood acidosis and to compare the predictive ability of pH and base excess. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, including term and late preterm (\u226534 weeks) neonates with mild\u2013moderate umbilical cord blood acidosis, defined as pH 7.0\u20137.2 or base excess between \u221212 and \u221216. Data including demographic, clinical, and laboratory measures were extracted. The cohort population was stratified based on the level of acidosis, mild or moderate, with separate analyses performed by definitions of pH and BE. Mild acidosis was defined as cord blood pH 7.13\u20137.20 and base excess &gt; \u221212 and moderate acidosis was defined as cord blood pH 7.00\u20137.12 or base excess between \u221212 and \u221216. Results: The study included 337 newborns. Most had mild acidosis, but 90 infants had BE of \u221212 to \u221216 and 86 infants had pH 7.00\u20137.12. Rate of NICU admission was 12.8% (43\/337), rising up to 27% among newborns with moderate acidosis. The leading cause for admission was respiratory distress, and there were no cases of moderate\u2013severe HIE. Renal and hepatic dysfunction were more common in moderate compared to mild acidosis; however, most lab abnormalities were mild and transient. Using ROC curves, BE \u2264 \u221212 was found to be a better predictor for renal and liver involvement than pH \u2264 7.12. Conclusions: Moderate acidosis in cord blood was associated with an increased incidence of short-term neonatal morbidities, NICU admissions and renal or liver dysfunction compared to mild cord blood acidemia. BE correlated with abnormal values better than pH. Infants with cord gas BE levels \u2264 \u221212 may benefit from closer clinical monitoring and assessment of renal and liver function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T07:45:31Z","timestamp":1755071131000},"page":"5720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short-Term Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes of Infants Born After 34 Weeks of Gestation with Mild-to-Moderate Cord Blood Acidosis\u2014A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ayala","family":"Gover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arieh","family":"Riskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livnat","family":"Sharkansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranin","family":"Ghannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4979-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Zaitoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.001","article-title":"Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: Normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility","volume":"228","author":"Olofsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. 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