{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:32:20Z","timestamp":1790094740032,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gda\u0144sk Medical University","award":["61-00206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61-00206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was designed to investigate the variability of renal ultrasound measurements, focusing on the impact of physician experience and patient position. Background: Since decreased kidney length is considered an indicator for chronic renal disease, understanding measurement repeatability and reproducibility is crucial for establishing effective diagnostic guidelines. Methods: Fifty healthy young adults underwent renal ultrasound scans performed by three examiners with varying levels of experience (12 years, 5 years, and 4 weeks). Renal length was measured at the level of the hilum in three patient positions: supine, lateral decubitus, and prone, using a 2\u20136 MHz convex probe (GE Logiq S8). Results: This study found that examiner experience significantly affected the results of sonographic measurements. However, the Interclass Correlation Coefficient analysis for all examiners demonstrated good reliability in most positions, with the highest values observed for the prone position. Measurements in the lateral decubitus position showed highest values, especially for the most experience examiner. The less experienced sonographers produced more variable results. Conclusions: Standardized patient positioning improves the accuracy and reproducibility of renal ultrasound measurements. The prone position offers a balance of reliability and practicality, especially for less experienced operators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T15:34:53Z","timestamp":1755531293000},"page":"5840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Variability of Renal Ultrasound Measurements: How Physician Experience and Patient Position Affect Measurement Accuracy?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3680-0953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"\u015awi\u0119to\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hryniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Center, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Grzywi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kaszubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Kosiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric, Hematology & Oncology Department, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Czarniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"\u015awi\u0119to\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5067-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Storoniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Piskunowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Radiology, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.1.6344137","article-title":"Sonographic determination of renal volume","volume":"148","author":"Hricak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Kidney Dimensions at Sonography: Correlation with Age, Sex, and Habitus in 665 Adult Volunteers","volume":"50","author":"Emamian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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