{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:39:53Z","timestamp":1760060393905,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Incarcerated individuals often experience poor oral health due to limited access to care and socioeconomic disadvantages. Objective: This study assessed the dental health status of incarcerated individuals in Silesia over a five-year period using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and compared their outcomes to a matched control group from the general population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational case-control study at the University Centre for Dentistry in Bytom, reviewing records of 136 incarcerated patients (mean age 36.8 \u00b1 7.9 years; 9.4% women) and a matched control group between 2019 and 2024. Results: Incarcerated individuals had a higher mean DMFT score (14.4 \u00b1 5.7) compared to controls (11.5 \u00b1 6.5; mean difference = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.53 to 4.37; Cohen\u2019s d = 0.49), with more decayed (4.9 \u00b1 3.2 vs. 3.4 \u00b1 2.4) and missing teeth (4.3 \u00b1 3.2 vs. 3.5 \u00b1 2.6). Most incarcerated patients (65.5%) required oral surgical treatment, most commonly for retained roots (25.9%) and impacted teeth (24.5%). No significant DMFT differences were observed based on age or sex, although disparities were most pronounced in older female prisoners (mean DMFT 17.8 vs. 9.8 in controls aged 40+). Conclusions: Incarcerated individuals in Silesia demonstrated a significantly higher burden of untreated dental disease and greater tooth loss compared to non-incarcerated controls over the five-year period. The predominance of advanced dental conditions requiring surgical intervention highlights missed opportunities for early and preventive care in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T15:19:02Z","timestamp":1755789542000},"page":"5909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dental Health Status of Incarcerated Individuals in Silesia: A Five-Year Retrospective Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3173-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Fiegler-Rudol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ziobro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zawilska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Kasperczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.14393\/BJ-v35n2a20198-43408","article-title":"Prevalence of oral diseases and the assessment of the simplified oral hygiene, decayed-missing-filling and community periodontal indices among inmates of the Russian Federation","volume":"35","author":"Konratyev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. 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