{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:40Z","timestamp":1792789720242,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela Public Foundation (FIDIS)","award":["IN606B-2025\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2025\/008"]}]},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela Public Foundation (FIDIS)","award":["CPII17\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII17\/00027"]}]},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela Public Foundation (FIDIS)","award":["PI22\/00938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00938"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["IN606B-2025\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2025\/008"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["CPII17\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII17\/00027"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia","award":["PI22\/00938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00938"]}]},{"name":"Miguel Servet Program of ISCIII","award":["IN606B-2025\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2025\/008"]}]},{"name":"Miguel Servet Program of ISCIII","award":["CPII17\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII17\/00027"]}]},{"name":"Miguel Servet Program of ISCIII","award":["PI22\/00938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00938"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII])","award":["IN606B-2025\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN606B-2025\/008"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII])","award":["CPII17\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII17\/00027"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII])","award":["PI22\/00938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00938"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and is becoming one of the most morbid diseases of this century. Recently, ocular research in AD has gained significance, as the eye, due to its close relationship with the brain, can reflect the presence of neurological disorders. Several studies have reported alterations in various ocular structures in AD, ranging from tear fluid to the retina. These changes, particularly in the retina and the optic nerve, along with cerebral atrophy affecting visual brain areas, may lead to visual dysfunctions. This narrative review summarizes and critically examines current evidence on these impairments and explores their possible underlying mechanisms. A decrease in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision has been observed, primarily associated with retinal ganglion cell loss or damage. Furthermore, alterations in the visual field, ocular motility, and visual perception have been recorded, mainly resulting from cortical changes. These optical parameters frequently correlate with patients\u2019 cognitive status. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of developing strategies to preserve visual function in these patients, helping to prevent further deterioration in their quality of life, and emphasize the potential of visual function assessment as a tool for diagnosis or predicting AD progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14175963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:53Z","timestamp":1756080593000},"page":"5963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Visual Function in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Current Understanding and Potential Mechanisms Behind Visual Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2116-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Alvite-Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ux\u00eda","family":"Regueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"P\u00edas-Peleteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-8690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Sobrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Lema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Galego de Oftalmolox\u00eda (INGO), Provincial Hospital of Conxo, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.01.022","article-title":"Dementia","volume":"131","author":"Gale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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