{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:58:24Z","timestamp":1790197104343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy originating from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Although rare globally, its mortality closely mirrors incidence due to late-stage presentation of the disease and limited curative options. While surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the cornerstone treatments for those with resectable disease, endoscopic techniques have emerged as versatile tools for diagnosis, therapy, and palliation. In recent years, there have been major advancements in endoscopic therapies, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The current narrative review serves to provide an overview of current and emerging endoscopic strategies for CCA, emphasizing diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic approaches, palliative interventions, and future directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1756217929000},"page":"6028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Advances in Endoscopic Diagnosis and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Usamah","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4504-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn L.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dallas VA Medical Center\u2014VA North Texas Healthcare System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.51","article-title":"Expert Consensus Document: Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Consensus Statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA)","volume":"13","author":"Banales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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