{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:09:32Z","timestamp":1782446972329,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Edward D. and Janet K. Robson Foundation, the Beauty of Sight Foundation, Drs. KR Olsen and ME Hildebrant, NIH Center","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}]},{"name":"Edward D. and Janet K. Robson Foundation, the Beauty of Sight Foundation, Drs. KR Olsen and ME Hildebrant, NIH Center","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness\u2014Unrestricted","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness\u2014Unrestricted","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}]},{"name":"Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation (JMP)","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}]},{"name":"Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation (JMP)","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Purpose: To compare the microbiologic and histopathologic features of Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) who underwent a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), optical penetrating keratoplasty (OPK), or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) after Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT). Methods: Surgical specimens were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Periodic Acid-Schiff stains as per institutional protocol at the University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Analysis of Acanthamoeba cyst depth, number of cysts, and average corneal thickness was established by light microscopy. Results: Seventeen patients with AK underwent surgical intervention and RB-PDAT. Eight patients underwent a TPK and nine patients underwent an OPK\/DALK. In the TPK group, average cyst depth was 42.0 \u00b1 52.5 \u03bcm from Descemet\u2019s layer and mean corneal button thickness was 661.7 \u00b1 106.5 \u03bcm. Comparatively, in the OPK\/DALK group, average cyst depth from Descemet\u2019s layer was 261.7 \u00b1 222.7 \u03bcm with a mean corneal button thickness of 474.2 \u00b1 126.6 \u03bcm. Conclusions: Acanthamoeba cysts were found to penetrate deeper within the cornea amongst patients that underwent an emergent TPK compared to patients that underwent an elective OPK\/DALK. This may suggest an association between Acanthamoeba cyst depth and infection severity and provides valuable clinical insights towards understanding factors such as infection recurrence and resistance to treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:01:01Z","timestamp":1756454461000},"page":"6104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histopathologic Evaluation of Corneal Tissue After Adjunctive Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy and Keratoplasty in Advanced Acanthamoeba Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jordan J.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Navia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charissa H.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, 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University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Ocular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Parel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Amescua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, 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