{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:46:57Z","timestamp":1791942417644,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic postoperative inguinal pain [CPIP] is a prevalent and often debilitating complication following inguinal hernia repair. With the widespread adoption of mesh-based techniques, recurrence rates have significantly declined, shifting clinical focus toward postoperative pain management. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes international literature on CPIP incidence, surgical technique, geographic variation, and the distinction between neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Studies were selected based on relevance, sample size, and inclusion of pain subclassification. Results: CPIP incidence varies markedly across studies (6\u201364.3%), influenced by follow-up duration, surgical approach, and regional healthcare practices. The risk of CPIP varies significantly, depending on the surgical technique employed, with open repairs generally associated with higher rates than laparoscopic approaches. Neuropathic pain predominates in specific cohorts, particularly following open repairs with limited nerve preservation. Few studies differentiate pain types, revealing a critical gap in diagnostic precision. Conclusions: CPIP is a multifactorial and under-recognized problem in clinical practice. The adoption of standardized diagnostic tools and long-term follow-up protocols is essential to improve pain classification and management. A structured diagnostic algorithm may assist clinicians in distinguishing pain types and tailoring treatment strategies to individual patient profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1756485741000},"page":"6136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chronic Groin Pain After Hernia Surgery: What Are We Missing?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cirocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive and Emergency Surgery, \u201cS. Maria\u201d Hospital, 05100 Terni, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7124-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Specialist Surgery, University of Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, IRCCS Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Lauricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5194-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Center, Colorectal Surgery Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"General Surgery, Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Brucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Residency Program, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Surgery, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Ranucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Hospital Leopoldo Parodi Delfino, 00034 Colleferro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Lancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, Legal Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Tomassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD002197","article-title":"Open mesh versus non-mesh for repair of femoral and inguinal hernia","volume":"4","author":"Scott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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