{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:31:36Z","timestamp":1784244696465,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The introduction of radial-firing laser fibers has minimized catheter-to-vein distance during endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for the great saphenous vein (GSV) and anterior saphenous veins (ASVs). This study investigates flush endovenous laser ablation (fEVLA) effectiveness in addressing chronic superficial venous insufficiency (CVI). Materials and methods: This single-center retrospective study analyzed consecutive fEVLA cases with duplex ultrasound follow-up at 1, 4, and 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinically significant endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (classes III\u2013IV). Results: Three hundred and twelve patients were recruited (405 affected limbs, 369 GSV, and 36 ASV). CEAP classifications were stratified as follows: C2 in 6.1%, C3 in 34.2%, C4 in 44%, C5 in 2.7%, and C6 in 12.7% of cases. Perforator ligation, phlebectomy, or foam sclerotherapy were carried out in conjunction with EVLA. fEVLA was feasible in all cases. The success rate was 96.78%, defined as EHIT classes 1 and 2, and assessed by ultrasound one week postoperatively. Clinically significant EHIT (2.5% class 3 and 0.2% class 4) was managed with 15 mg rivaroxaban twice daily for 21 days. Follow-up at 4 weeks revealed complete resolution of all EHIT 3\u20134 cases. No cases of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis were observed during the study or follow-up period. Conclusions: fEVLA is a safe treatment for superficial CVI across various CEAP classes, and with prompt detection, the minimal complication rate can be completely resolved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1756818073000},"page":"6165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing Endovenous Heat-Induced Thrombosis in Flush Endovenous Laser Ablation: A Study on Incidence, Risk Factors, and Patient Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mihai Cosmin","family":"Burta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ArTerra Health Clinic, 300402 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu Florian","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ArTerra Health Clinic, 300402 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1722-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven Kristofor","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Academic Vascular Research and Innovation Centre (MAVRIC), Manchester Vascular Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"},{"name":"Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Lee","family":"Bowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Academic Vascular Research and Innovation Centre (MAVRIC), Manchester Vascular Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Ionac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Edmond","family":"Ionac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"ArTerra Health Clinic, 300402 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.12.007","article-title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Endovenous Thermal Ablation for Incompetent Saphenous Veins with an Aneurysm Close to the Junction","volume":"58","author":"Hamann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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