{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:55:42Z","timestamp":1791701742807,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["739593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739593"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hypercalcemia is a rare etiology of acute pancreatitis; only a few cases have been reported in the literature, and the severity of hypercalcemia-induced AP is unknown. We aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of hypercalcemia-induced AP and compare it with the clinical characteristics of AP caused by other etiological factors. Methods: We collected data from patients from the Hungarian Acute Pancreatitis Registry who had AP, a serum calcium level above 2.6 mmol\/L, and no other AP etiology. AP patients with etiologies other than hypercalcemia served as control. Results: A total of 1.20% of our AP patients (16\/1328) had a clear hypercalcemic etiology, 5.05% (67\/1328) had a mixed etiology, and 1245 patients were in the control group. Severe AP, organ failure, and renal failure were significantly more common in patients with hypercalcemia-induced AP than in the control or the mixed etiology groups. Heart failure was significantly more frequent in the clear hypercalcemia-induced group than in patients with normal serum calcium AP. Respiratory failure was significantly more common in the clear hypercalcemia-induced AP group than in the mixed etiology-induced group. There was no significant difference in other analyzed parameters. The outcome of AP was not associated with the severity of hypercalcemia within the hypercalcemic group. Conclusions: Compared with AP of different etiologies, hypercalcemia-induced AP is more likely to develop into severe AP and organ failure (heart and kidneys).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1757332272000},"page":"6304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hypercalcemia Causes More Severe Acute Pancreatitis: An International Multicenter Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5641-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Gieszinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Gastroenterology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Kui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Gastroenterology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter Jen\u0151","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ron","family":"Vincze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"Er\u0151ss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Szentesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"Vass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Abonyi-T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Izb\u00e9ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szent Gy\u00f6rgy Teaching Hospital of County Fej\u00e9r, 8000 Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Ill\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Czimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5338-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs Csaba","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Gastroenterology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine\u2014University of Szeged, Translational Pancreatology Research Group, University of Szeged, 6728 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Gajd\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szent Gy\u00f6rgy Teaching Hospital of County Fej\u00e9r, 8000 Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Hamvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9terfy Hospital, 1076 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Czak\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Gastroenterology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1427","article-title":"Acute Pancreatitis: Etiology and Common Pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. 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Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/17\/6304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:41:16Z","timestamp":1760035276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/17\/6304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14176304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14176304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]}}}