{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:43:29Z","timestamp":1760060609511,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH &amp; Co. KG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Tinnitus often occurs alongside the emotional symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761\u00ae was shown to be effective in reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly patients with both dementia and tinnitus, exerting direct effects on tinnitus severity and indirect effects mediated by improvement of anxiety, depression, and cognition. Whether the extent of the effects is influenced by the patient\u2019s sex has not yet been investigated. We performed a conditional process analysis to evaluate this question. Methods: We analyzed the moderating role of sex on the direct and indirect effects of EGb 761\u00ae on tinnitus severity using a first- and second-stage conditional process model. Results: Indirect effects of EGb 761\u00ae on tinnitus severity mediated by improved cognition, anxiety, and depression did not differ between women and men (p &gt; 0.05; all 95% bootstrap confidence intervals overlapped with zero). Moreover, direct treatment effects of EGb 761\u00ae on tinnitus severity were statistically significant for both sexes (women, p &lt; 0.0001; men, p = 0.0279). Conclusions: Beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761\u00ae in dementia patients with tinnitus are likely to be unaffected by the patient\u2019s sex. Further research into the influence of patient characteristics on the outcome of tinnitus drug treatment is encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1757332272000},"page":"6313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does the Patient\u2019s Sex Have an Impact on Beneficial Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761\u00ae in Dementia Patients with Tinnitus? Results of a Conditional Process Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Brueggemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Grando S\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Schlaefke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9670-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0633-7","article-title":"A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: Diagnostics, assessment, and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Cima","year":"2019","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.06.014","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"102","author":"Chari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. 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