{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:59:35Z","timestamp":1791482375497,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a challenging disease due to its aggressive nature and interindividual variability in treatment response. While sex differences in AML incidence and outcomes have been reported, the impact of sex on treatment-related toxicity remains underexplored. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who received intensive chemotherapy for de novo or secondary AML at a single academic hospital between 1 January 2017 and 30 November 2021. A total of 65 patients (62% males) were included, with similar risk categories across sexes. Results: Although adverse event rates were similar, females had significantly higher rates of neutropenic colitis (100% vs. 80%, p = 0.019) after the first induction cycle. Hematological recovery after the second cycle was faster in males for neutrophils (21 vs. 28 days, p = 0.025) and thrombocytes (27 vs. 37 days, p = 0.02). Hospitalization duration was also significantly longer for females (26 days vs. 24 days, p = 0.039). The median overall survival did not differ by sex, but was significantly longer for those receiving two cycles vs. one cycle (0.5 years vs. NR) and for those &lt;60 years old (6.1 vs. 1.0 years). Conclusions: These findings suggest sex-related differences in treatment toxicity and hospital stay length. Larger studies are needed to better understand the impact of sex on AML outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1757937103000},"page":"6457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex-Associated Differences in Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Following Intense Induction Treatment: A Real-World Single Center Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xenia","family":"Darphin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Spital Limmattal, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Blattner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital\u2014Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital\u2014Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Gobat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-No\u00eblle","family":"Kronig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital\u2014Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital\u2014Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berna C.","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital\u2014Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25950","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management","volume":"95","author":"Chien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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Forum"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6457\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:45:05Z","timestamp":1760035505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14186457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14186457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]}}}