{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:17:42Z","timestamp":1792034262638,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations of the CF\u2013transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to impaired chloride ion trafficking, thickened secretions, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CF-CRS). CF-CRS was historically managed with intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Nowadays, the triple highly effective modulator therapy elexacaftor\u2013tezacaftor\u2013ivacaftor (ETI) is showing promising results in improving CF-CRS. Methods: This is a monocentric, retrospective study comparing Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), Nasal Polyps Score (NPS), modified Lund\u2013Kennedy score (mLKS), sniffin\u2019 sticks identification test (SSIT), and Lund\u2013Mackay score (LMS) in patients affected by CF-CRS and treated with ESS or ETI. ETI patients were further subdivided based on previous surgery. Results: A total of 25 patients were surgically treated, and 54 were treated with ETI (specifically, 17 surgically na\u00efve and 37 post-FESS patients). Patients undergoing ESS and those receiving ETI experienced statistically significant improvements in SNOT-22, SSIT, and LMS with no differences between groups and regardless of genetic or demographic characteristics. Conversely, ESS patients experienced significantly higher mean changes in NPS and mLKS. Conclusions: ETI and FESS were safe and effective in reducing the symptomatologic burden of CF-CRS. Even in the ETI epoch, surgery may play a crucial role in managing CF-CRS, particularly in patients not eligible for ETI or experiencing severe disease not adequately controlled with medical therapy alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:33:02Z","timestamp":1758007982000},"page":"6498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery or Triple Highly Effective Modulator Therapy: A Monocentric Retrospective Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Orlando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Minzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mazzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ricchiuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bresci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giandomenico","family":"Maggiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.15.5.192","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Colin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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