{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:10:11Z","timestamp":1785726611696,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the risk factors related to early implant failures in patients treated in a private implant clinic. Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted on 392 patients (mean age = 51.2 \u00b1 15.4 years, 48.9% female and 51.1% male) who received 930 dental implants within the period from 2000 to 2020. Included patients had received at least one implant. Patients were excluded in case of incomplete dental records that did not contain the necessary information, including personal information (patient\u2019s name, age, gender, history and current condition of systemic diseases) and treatment protocol record. No patients were excluded on the basis of systemic disease if it did not contraindicate dental implant surgery. Patient-related variables (age, gender, smoking, history of periodontitis, accompanying disease), surgical-related variables (surgical technique, bone augmentation, lateral sinus lift, internal sinus lift, immediate implant placement after tooth extraction, immediate mucosal grafting, insertion torque,) and implant-related variables (implant design, implant level, implant surface, site of implant placement, implants diameter, length and implants brand name) were recorded. Results: GEE analysis results showed that the implant-based failure rate before or at the abutment connection stage was 5.8%. Seven factors were identified associated with early implant failures: male gender, smoking, history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, maxilla implant placement, non-submerged healing method, implant design and implant brand. Conclusions: In light of the results obtained, both patient-related variables (gender, smoking, history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy) and variables related to the type of implant, its position and the surgical technique used (maxilla implant placement, non-submerged healing method, implant design and implant brands) were found to be statistically correlated with early failures in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1758121964000},"page":"6546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Early Implant Failures in Patients Attending a Private Practice Setting: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzo","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Periodontal Implant Practice, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Reda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Departement, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Di Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Miccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Zanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Departement, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3904-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Testarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Periodontal Implant Practice, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period","volume":"16","author":"Hansson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12185","article-title":"Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions","volume":"73","author":"Buser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2019.03.008","article-title":"Long-term (10-year) dental implant survival: A systematic review and sensitivity meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Howe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12408","article-title":"Etiology, occurrence, and consequences of implant loss","volume":"88","author":"Tomasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effectiveness of pro-phylactic antibiotics at placement of dental implants: A pragmatic multicentre placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Esposito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.10.002","article-title":"Influence of diameter and length of implant on early dental implant failure","volume":"68","author":"Olate","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01250.x","article-title":"Early implant failure. Prognostic capacity of Periotest: Retrospective study of a large sample","volume":"17","author":"Noguerol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01077.x","article-title":"Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of oral implant failures, up to abutment connection","volume":"34","author":"Alsaadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516646098","article-title":"Factors influencing early dental implant failures","volume":"95","author":"Chrcanovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e501","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12277","article-title":"Incidence of first implant failure: A retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic","volume":"17","author":"Jemt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12477","article-title":"A retrospective study on 1592 consecutively performed operations in one private referral clinic. Part I: Early inflammation and early implant failures","volume":"19","author":"Antoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2011.04.074","article-title":"Early dental implant failure: Risk factors","volume":"50","author":"Baqain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1109","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of patients referred for implant placement to a specialty clinic: Indications, surgical procedures, and early failures","volume":"23","author":"Bornstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3769","article-title":"Implant therapy in a surgical specialty clinic: An analysis of patients, indications, surgical procedures, risk factors, and early failures","volume":"30","author":"Bornstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"31","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis and early dental implant failure: A quasi-random controlled clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Sawair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1994.050410.x","article-title":"The effect of smoking on early implant failure","volume":"5","author":"Collaert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"491","article-title":"The effect of smoking on osseointegrated dental implants. Part I: Implant survival","volume":"19","author":"DeLuca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070602","article-title":"Implant failure predictors in the posterior maxilla: A retrospective study of 273 consecutive implants","volume":"79","author":"Friedberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12898","article-title":"A retrospective study of 30,959 implants: Risk factors associated with early and late implant loss","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080594","article-title":"Prevalence of implant loss and the influence of associated factors","volume":"80","author":"Koldsland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.07.020","article-title":"Risk factors associated with early implant failure: A 5-year retrospective clinical study","volume":"115","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reda, R., Zanza, A., Bellanova, V., Patil, S., Bhandi, S., Di Nardo, D., and Testarelli, L. (2023). Zinc Oxide Non-Eugenol Cement versus Resinous Cement on Single Implant Restoration: A Split-Mouth Study. J. Compos. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7030128"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.2869","article-title":"Multifactorial evaluation of implant failure: A 19-year retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2015.04.003","article-title":"A longitudinal retrospective study of the analysis of the risk factors of implant failure by the application of generalized estimating equations","volume":"59","author":"Noda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.5332","article-title":"Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implants Placed Between 2012 and 2014: Indications, Risk Factors, and Early Survival","volume":"32","author":"Grisar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01248.x","article-title":"5-year clinical experience with BTI dental implants: Risk factors for implant failure","volume":"35","author":"Anitua","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/01.id.0000247855.75691.03","article-title":"Medical contraindications to implant therapy: Part I: Absolute contraindications","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00399-8","article-title":"Systematic review on diabetes mellitus and dental implants: An update","volume":"8","author":"Wagner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13009","article-title":"Patient factors related to early implant failures in the edentulous jaw: A large retrospective case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Malm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12586","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis on the effect of insertion torque on delayed single implants: A 3-year randomized clinical study","volume":"20","author":"Marconcini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"617","article-title":"The relative impact of local and endogenous patient-related factors on implant failure up to the abutment stage","volume":"13","author":"Jacobs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.06.012","article-title":"Clinical effect of the high insertion torque on dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Lemos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13342","article-title":"Group 1 ITI Consensus Report: The in uence of implant length and design and medications on clinical and patient-reported outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12890","article-title":"Early and late implant failure of submerged versus non-submerged implant healing: A systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"45","author":"Troiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13118","article-title":"Clinical, radiographic, and biochemical evaluation of two-piece versus one-piece single implants with a laser-microgrooved collar surface after 5\u2009years of functional loading","volume":"24","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis4040057","article-title":"Implant Survival Rate and Prosthetic Complications of OT Equator Retained Maxillary Overdenture: A Cohort Study","volume":"4","author":"Reda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1990.010105.x","article-title":"Tissue integration of nonsubmerged implants. One year results of a prospective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants","volume":"1","author":"Buser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2015.09.007","article-title":"Dental Implant Complications","volume":"36","author":"Liaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1086\/516243","article-title":"Dental implant infections","volume":"25","author":"Tanner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6546\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:47:26Z","timestamp":1760035646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/18\/6546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14186546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14186546","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}}}