{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:49:37Z","timestamp":1774986577966,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Cervical disc disease is a common cause of disability worldwide. Two surgical options for refractory CDD are anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). While ACDF is well established, CDA offers motion preservation and has shown promising outcomes. This study compared utilization trends, patient characteristics, and hospitalization outcomes of ACDF and CDA using a large national dataset. Methods: We analyzed patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2016\u20132019) undergoing ACDF or CDA, identified using ICD-10 codes. After exclusions, 97,999 patients were included. Propensity score matching yielded 11,415 pairs, enabling balanced comparisons of demographics, comorbidities, complications, length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges. Results: CDA utilization increased during the study period. Compared with ACDF, CDA patients were younger and more likely to have private insurance. Following matching, both groups were demographically similar. CDA was associated with a slightly shorter LOS (1.32 vs. 1.39 days) but significantly higher charges (USD 82,431 vs. USD 58,472). In terms of complications, dysphagia was more frequent after ACDF, whereas cervical spinal cord injury and urinary tract infections were slightly more common after CDA, though rare overall. Conclusions: CDA is increasingly adopted in younger, privately insured patients and demonstrates comparable safety with ACDF. Its advantages include motion preservation, shorter hospitalization, and lower dysphagia rates, though at the expense of higher costs. These findings support the selective use of CDA as a viable alternative to ACDF in appropriately chosen patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T09:32:32Z","timestamp":1758187952000},"page":"6559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Trends, Demographics, and Clinical Outcomes in a Nationwide Inpatient Sample"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Assil","family":"Mahamid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University Hospital (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1538-5347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Maman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4561-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University Hospital (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marah","family":"Hodruj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4749-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadar","family":"Gan-Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Keren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleem","family":"Samara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University Hospital (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6466-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaron","family":"Berkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Behrbalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3820302, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m791","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain in the general population, 1990\u20132017: Systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"368","author":"Safiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.243","article-title":"Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Contributes to Dizziness: A Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3221","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3221","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain","volume":"358","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07336-2","article-title":"Trends and patterns of cervical degenerative disc disease: An analysis of magnetic resonance imaging of 1300 symptomatic patients","volume":"31","author":"Mesregah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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